Theories of Personality Power Point Presentation by Avidan Milevsky, Ph.D. Touro College South cover title page This presentation copyright Susan C. Cloninger. Some images are from "Holy Cow! 250,000 Graphics," by Macmillan Digital Publishing USA. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN ROGERS Person-Centered Theory Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Overview The Actualizing Tendency The Organismic Valuing Process The Fully Functioning Person Subjective Experience, Values, and Science The Self Development Development of Creativity Therapy Client-Centered Therapy Research on Therapy Stages of Process Encounter Groups header, text p. 3 NEW FORMAT 8/9—TO DO FOR ALL CHAPTERS Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Overview Other Applications Humanistic Education Marriage and Relationships Social Welfare Programs Business Political Conflict, War, and Peace Criticisms Of Rogers’s Theory header, text p. 3 NEW FORMAT 8/9—TO DO FOR ALL CHAPTERS Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preview of Rogers’s Theory Table 2.1 (p. 35) Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Carl Rogers Born in Illinois in 1902 Raised in a fundamentalist Christian home Studied at the University of Wisconsin and at Union Theological Seminary Psychology degree from Columbia University Held several clinical and academic positions President of American Psychological association Died in 1987 header, text p. 33 Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Actualizing Tendency The Organismic Valuing Process The Fully Functioning Person Subjective Experience, Values, and Science header, text p. 33 Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

actualizing tendency the force for growth and development that is innate in all organisms Definition: Examples: a plant’s innate tendency to grow (even in poor soil) a person’s tendency toward self-actualization glossary term Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

organismic valuing process Definition: inner sense within a person, which guides him or her in the directions of growth and health Examples: the inner vague feeling that choosing a certain career, or a certain love partner, would be wrong for you, even if everyone else approves of that choice glossary term Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Fully Functioning Person Existential living Openness to experience The Fully Functioning Person Creativity Experiential freedom Organismic trusting Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Subjective Experience, Values, and Science Spirituality, as well as subjectivity, are consistent with Rogers’s theory, which does not aspire to be value-free. Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Self ideal self – real self discrepancy incongruence Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Development conditions of worth: the expectations that a person must live up to before receiving respect and love Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

unconditional positive regard Definition: accepting and valuing a person without requiring particular behaviors as a prerequisite Examples: Being accepted and loved even if your grades are low, your weight is wrong, and your attitude is questionable glossary term Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Development of Creativity Statements typical of parents of preschool children who later became creative: “I respect my child’s opinions and encourage him to express them.” “I encourage my child to be curious, to explore and question things.” And the parents disagreed with these statements: “I do not allow my child to get angry with me.” “I feel my child is a bit of a disappointment to me.” Based on Harrington, Block, & Block, 1987. (text, pages 421-422) Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Therapy Client-Centered Therapy Research on Therapy Stages of Process Encounter Groups header, text p. 33 Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Client-Centered Therapy unconditional positive regard (prizing) congruence empathic understanding Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Client-Centered Therapy Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Research on Therapy The Process of Psychotherapy Outcomes of Psychotherapy Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Stages of Process Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Encounter Groups Encounter Groups Facilitator Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Other Applications Humanistic Education Marriage and Relationships Social Welfare Programs Business Political Conflict, War, and Peace header, text p. 33 Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Humanistic Education person-centered facilitator of education (not “teacher”) pays attention to feelings as well as the intellect Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Marriage and Relationships modern context for marriage mutuality, equality, honest communication satellite relationships friendship Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Business relationships based on genuineness, acceptance, and empathic understanding instead of traditional authority shared power and decision making Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Political Conflict, War, and Peace Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Criticisms of Rogers’s Theory Client-centered therapy is no more effective than other therapies Is the theory overly optimistic about human nature, ignoring evil? Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Review The Actualizing Tendency The Self Development Therapy Other Applications Criticisms Of Rogers’s Theory Prepared to accompany Theories of Personality (5th ed.) by Susan C. Cloninger (2008), published by Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.