T/F Only humans can use insight to solve problems. T/F Crying is an early form of language. T/F “Street smarts” are a sign of intelligence. T/F Creative people are highly intelligent. T/F Highly intelligent people are creative.

 Intelligence: (Person's capacity to) Acquire knowledge (i.e. learn and understand) Apply knowledge (solve problems) Engage in abstract reasoning.  Intelligence Quotient: (IQ) The score you get on an intelligence test. Originally, it was a quotient (a ratio)-  IQ= MA/CA x 100 [MA is mental age, CA is chronological age]. Today, scores are calibrated against norms of actual population scores.

The ability to profit from experience, acquire knowledge, think abstractly, act purposefully, or adapt to changes in the environment. Psychometrics: Measurement of mental abilities, traits, and processes IQ TEST: MA (Mental Age) is what your score would be for a general age on average, scoring the average score for a 12 year old when you are 7 would give you a MA of 12.  Stanford-Binet  WAIS (Weshler Adult Intelligence Scale)  WISC (Weshler Intelligence Scale for Children)  Problems with Bias of IQ test

Formal reasoning problems: All information needed to solve is right there. Deductive reasoning: Conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises. If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. Inductive reasoning: The premises provide support for a conclusion. It is still possible for the conclusion to be false.

 Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory  Thurstone’s Multiple Factor Theory  Cattell's Two-Factor Theory  Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory  Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

 g (general intelligence): Involved in any task requiring cognitive activity.  s (specific intelligence): Specific knowledge and abilities that are only used when performing specific tasks.

 Primary mental abilities are independent of each other.  His seven primary mental abilities are: spatial visualizationsword fluency verbal meaningmemory number facilityperceptual Speed Reasoning

 Crystallized intelligence: Includes abilities such as reasoning and verbal and numerical skills.  Fluid intelligence: Skills such as spatial and visual imagery, the ability to notice visual details, and rote memory.

Experiential ComponentialContextual

 Componential: The ability to acquire new knowledge and solve problems effectively.  Experiential: The ability to adapt creatively in new situations.  Contextual: The ability to select contexts in which you can excel.

logical-mathematical linguistic body-kinesthetic spatial musical interpersonal intrapersonal

 Verbal reasoning  Abstract/visual reasoning  Quantitative reasoning  Short-term memory

 Under 70 [mentally retarded] %  [borderline retarded] %  [low average] %  [average] -- 50%  [high average] %  [superior] %  Over 130 [very superior] %

father-child.51 mother-child.55 siblings.50 biological families adoptive families mother-child father-child child-child

identical twinsfraternal twins fingerprints height IQ (Binet) IQ (Otis) word meaning nature study history and literature spelling.87.73

 Intelligence has a very powerful genetic component.

IQ group less than 7575 to 9090 to to and higher % of total population 5% 20%50%20%5% % of group out of labor force more than one month out of the year 22%19%15%14%10% % of group unemployed more than one month out of the year (men) 12%10%7% 2% % of group divorced within five years 21%22%23%15%9% % of group that had illegitimate children (women) 32%17%8%4%2% % of group that lives in poverty 30%16%6%3%2% % of group ever incarcerated (men) 7% 3%1%0% % of group that are chronic welfare recipients (mothers) 31%17%8%2%0% % of group that drop out of high school55%35%6%0.4%0%