1 Shakers: religion and art Dr D’Ann Campbell TAH 2008

2 Geography: National Park Service Guide Center was in New England & New York Additional colonies in Ohio & Kentucky Shakers Originated In England But all came To USA

3 How Many? 1770s: under a few thousand 1840: 6,000 full members in 19 villages New members? No babies –Women age –Orphans; some joined and most left for the world Today: small handful in Maine

4 Life Style The Shakers lived in community villages Everyone of all ages had a job to do Men and women lived apart No children were born there—but orphans were often brought in from outside When an orphan became 21 he or she could decide to stay on

5 Hancock Village (Massachusetts) Hancock website

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7 Canterbury NH They grew their own food They were famous for their seeds, which they sold all across the country They were pacifists and did not fight in Civil War, but set up hospitals

8 Shaker design is famous because it is simple, it works, and it is beautiful

9 Simplicity, Symmetry

10 Functional, simple, clean design more pictures

11 Influential furniture Lesson plan: furniture

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13 Shakers were a religious group; their ceremonies included songs and a sacred dance

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16 Religious Music Learn More more on music Lesson plan for "Gift to be Simple" song (grade 5-8)

17 Shaker Women: more equality than anywhere else in America Women in Utopia (Campbell) Mother Ann Lee (the founder)

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19 Sources Ken Burns video for PBS Timeline Brief history

20 On Line Sources Overview Shaker Theology 1859 Compendium 15 Years a Shakeress (1872 memoir) Autobiography (1869)Autobiography Travel account by novelist Howells (1876)Travel account by novelist Howells Interpretation by German scholar (1974)Interpretation by German scholar Architecture & style (by Swank)Architecture & style