Training Programme – Introduction Training Programme – Introduction Estimated cost of a three year assignment = $ 1 MILLION (Source: Brewster 2001) Done well, expats say cross cultural training makes their moves easier, especially when it focuses on practical information about their host country, Done poorly, they add, it is a waste of money and time. (Source: New York Times) IBCT – A little cultural knowledge goes a long way Cross cultural training is vital if organisations are to avoid high levels of expatriate failure rates (premature returns) (Source: Black and Medenhall 1990) Failure can cause – Damage to company and company's Global image. (Source Evans 2002)

Training Programme – Aims and Objectives PHASE 1 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF GLOBAL ASSIGNMENT PHASE 2 DETERMINING TRAINING NEEDS PHASE 3 ESTABLISHING GOALS AND MEASURES PHASE 4 DEVELOPING AND DELIVERING THE TRAINING PROGRAMME PHASE 5 EVALUATING THE TRAINING PROGRAMME Source: Harzing & Ruysseveldt, 2004: 286 Technical Functional Developmental Strategic Short term Long term Organisational analysis Expatriate analysis Assignment analysis Instructional content Instructional methods Sequence of training sessions Short term goals Long term goals

Training Programme – Phase 1 (Type of assignment) Training Programme – Phase 1 (Type of assignment) Strategic Business Development Manager Strategic / executive – Developing the China operations market base Strategic assignments require a high level of CCT Current organisational culture, strategy and structure considered when developing training program Assignment Analysis Identifies the function of the individual on the assignment and the type of cross cultural knowledge and skills needed to perform effectively Analysis of Job Description and Job Content factors Job description factors are general duties, tasks and expected functions Job content factors are; achievement, quality of output and levels of responsibility Position specific competencies defined and incorporated into the training program

Training Programme – Phase 2 (Determine training needs) Training Programme – Phase 2 (Determine training needs) Personality Characteristics Flexibility and Openness Intercultural Abilities Communication Style Cross Cultural Awareness Acceptance of Cultural Differences Also family needs (where applicable) The Individual Expatriate Analysis “In the case of female expatriates cultural and GENDER differences must be understood” (source: Caligiuri P and Cascio W F) Defining the individual in regards to their needs, expectations and current abilities. Also their age, sex and personality traits Analysis of... The level of the individual receiving CCT Prior experience- no matter how little Existing cross cultural knowledge Existing levels of cross cultural skill Their perception of CCT Analysis of the individuals perception of CCT and expatriatism to assess which training techniques are best suited. This assessment will highlight the individuals intercultural communication style allowing us to further tailor the training to the individuals needs.

Training Programme – Phase 3 (Goals and measures) Training Programme – Phase 3 (Goals and measures) Short term Accomplishments at end of CCT programme Improved understanding of international assignments Improved understanding of cultural differences And the effect they have on the success of the assignment Understanding of the need for anticipatory adjustment Long term Expected outcome of the assignment Completion Increased performance of the organisation Confidence for future international assignments Individual level Personal satisfaction Personal betterment Increased confidence Measurement Methods Personal Tutoring Online tests In person interviews/ Phone interviews Performance appraisal Company performance

Training Programme – Phase 4 (Developing and delivering the training programme ) Training Programme – Phase 4 (Developing and delivering the training programme ) Instructional content CCT Organisational review Instructional methods General culture orientation Specific culture orientation Sequence of training sessions Didactic culture training (general) Didactic culture training (specific) Experiential culture training (general) Experiential culture training (specific)

Training Programme – Phase 5 (Evaluating the training programme ) Training Programme – Phase 5 (Evaluating the training programme ) Short term goals Developing outcome measures Long term goals Adjustment measures

Training Programme – Beneficial outcome and conclusions xxxx xxx