NICOLE MONSALVE Integumentary System

What is the Integumentary System? The Integumentary system is the skin, the hair, sweat glands, and the nails. Its main job is to protect our body from the outside world. It is also responsible for: - storing water and fat - help dispose waist materials - protecting the body from changes in temperature - protecting the body from dehydration - acting as a receptor for touch, pressure, and pain

The Skin The skin is the largest organ in the body. Makes up 16% of body weight and has a surface area of 1.8m2. Its function is to form a barrier to the environment. Limits the passage of water in our body, as well as electrolytes and various substances. It also provides protection against micro-organisms, UV radiation, toxic agents, and mechanical insults. Consists of three layers: - epidermis - dermis - subcutaneous

The Epidermis The outer layer of the skin. Its function is to form a waterproof barrier over the body. Thickness varies in different types of skin -thinnest: eyelids - thickest: palms and soles The cells that make up the epidermis are: -keratinocytes -melanocytes -epidermal dendric -tactile

The Dermis Second layer of the skin. It is found under the epidermis. It varies in thickness ranging from: -thinnest: eyelids - thickest: palms and soles Is composed of a tough, supportive cell matrix.

Subcutaneous Layer The third layer of the skin. It contains all the fat and connective tissue. Contains large blood vessels and nerves. This layer regulates the temperature of the whole body.

Traps air around the body that acts like an insulating layer Hairs that appear in the form of eyelashes keep out dust particles. The hair consists of four parts: - cuticle -cortex -medulla The Hair

The Cuticle Covers the hair fiber Responsible for making the hair shine and protecting the inner structure Consists of four layers: - Epicuticle: makes cuticle resistant to chemical attacks - A-layer: makes the hair resistant to chemical and physical attacks - Exocuticle: provides toughness to the cuticle - Endocuticle: swells in water causing the cuticle to stand out

The Cortex Occupies 75% of the hair Consists of swindle shaped cells separated by the CMS of the cortex Mostly made up of keratin protein

The Matrix Contains disulfide bonds. Is present as a cross linked gel which causes it to swell in water. Occupies a large portion of the Macrofirbrils.

The Medulla Present in the center of the fiber. Contains hollow spaces filled with air.

The Nail Hard layers of keratinized cells that form like epidermis The function is to protect the tips of your toes and fingers. It is made up of epidermal cells that give rise to the cells that die to make up nails and hair.

Structure of the Nail Nail Plate: the visible portion of the nail that sits on top of the nail bed. Lunula: the moon shaped point where the matrix and the nail bed meet. Cuticle: the overlapping skin surrounding the nail. Its purpose is to protect the matrix from invading bacteria and physical damage. Matrix: this is where the nail is made. It is the only living part of the nail and it contains nerves and blood vessels so that cell reproduction can occur.

Sweat Glands The function is to respond to elevated body temperature due to environmental heat or physical exercise. Responsible for moisture on the palms or soles when you are stressed. Most common on the forehead, neck, and back where they produce sweat to cool your body. There are two types of sweat glands: - Eccrine gland - Apocrine gland

Eccrine Gland Sweat glands that are not connected to hair follicles. Common on the forehead, neck, and back where they produce sweat. Provide moisture when a person is emotionally stressed.

Apocrine Gland Found mainly in the axillaries and public areas of the body. The ducts of apocrine sweat glands extend to the follicles of the hair so that the sweat produced exits the body along the hair shaft. They are inactive till puberty at which point they produce an oily liquid that is consumed by bacteria living on the skin. When the bacteria digests the apocrine sweat glands body odor is produced.

Diseases of the Integumentary System Chickenpox: it is a disease causing a mild fever and a rash of itchy inflamed blisters. It mainly affects children who are afterward really immune. - Cause: the varicella-zoster virus - Symptoms: blisters will start to form. Fever, sore throat, stomachaches, headaches, and coughing will occur during the out break of the blisters. - Treatment: lukewarm baths, regular applications of unscented lotion, and wearing lightweight, soft clothing.

Here is a quick song to help recap everything before the BIG game! Integumentary Video

Word Bank Integumentary Dermis Subcutaneous Lunula Sweat glands Apocrine Hair

Bibliography Taylor, Tim. “Integumentary System.” Innerbody.com. HowToMedia, Inc., Oct Jan Dr. Ali N. Syed. “Structure of Hair.” Slideshare.net. July Jan “Integumentary System.” ScienceNetLinks.com. 25 Jan Baxamusa, Batul. “Integumentary System Functions.” Buzzle.com. Feb Jan Integumentary System Video