Ch 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease. Overview  Anatomical Reference Systems: Descriptive terms used to describe the location of the body planes,

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 2 The Human Body in Health and Disease

Overview  Anatomical Reference Systems: Descriptive terms used to describe the location of the body planes, directions, and cavities  Cytology: The structure of cells, chromosomes, DNA, and genetics  Histology: The study of the tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific functions.  Glands: Specialized cells that secret material use elsewhere in the body.  Organs and Body Systems: Body parts organized into systems according to function.  Pathology: Study of structural and functional changes caused by disease

Body Planes Sagittal- Sagittal- right and left Transverse- Transverse- superior and inferior Frontal- Frontal- anterior and posterior

Systems  Skeletal System-  Skeletal System- bones, cartilage, joints  Muscular System-  Muscular System- fascia tissue, muscles, tendons  Lymphatic and Immune Systems-  Lymphatic and Immune Systems- lymph nodes, blood cells, spleen, tonsils  Respiratory System-  Respiratory System- larynx, lungs, nose, pharynx, trachea  Digestive System-  Digestive System- mouth, esophagus, small and large intestines, stomach, liver, pancreas  Urinary System-  Urinary System- kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder  Nervous System-  Nervous System- brain, ears, eyes, nerves, spinal cord  Integumentary System-  Integumentary System- sebaceous glands, skin, sweat glands  Endocrine System Glands-  Endocrine System Glands- adrenals, gonads, pancreas, parathyroids, pineal, pituitary, thymus, thyroid  Reproductive System-  Reproductive System- testicles, ovaries, uterus

Understanding the parts of a cell 

Outbreaks of Diseases  Epidemiologist-  Epidemiologist- specializes in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group  Endemic-  Endemic- refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area. For examples, the common cold is endemic because it is always present within the population  Epidemic-  Epidemic- is a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a population,group or area. For example a sudden widespread outbreak of measles.  Pandemic-  Pandemic- refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide. For example AIDS.

Ch 2  aden/o> gland  adip/o> fat  caud/o>- lower part of body  cephal/o> head  col/o> colon, large intestine  coron/o> coronary, crown  cyte> cell  hepat/o> liver  hist/o  nephr/o> fast, rapid

Terms  Adenectomy> surgical removal of a gland  Adipose> fat tissue  Caudal> lower end of the body  Cephalic> toward the head  Colotomy> surgical incision into the colon  Coronal> front part of the body  Hepatomy> surgical incision into the liver  Histology> the study of the tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific funtions  Nephrosis> any abnormal condition of the kidney