INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY DR.SHAFALI SINGH, M.D, 8/18/20111

Components of the Course Clinical Case Discussions Self Study in Small Groups Didactic Lectures Online Activities Small Group Practicals

Required Course Materials Lecture Power-point Presentations. Course Syllabus. Small Group Practical & Clinical Case Discussion Handout. Textbook

Which Textbook ?

Clinical Cases / Labs / Quizes Clinical Cases- reinforce how an understanding of physiology is important in dealing with clinical conditions. Labs Will carry points for attendance and performance.

Preview Overview material to Master Focus on objectives Outline your goals Attend lecture or presentation Personal Study Define the “big picture” Take notes for study Review and compile notes and goals within 8h of session List questions or problem areas for study Read support material or text Review objectives in study group within 1 week Focus your study group! - Ask each other questions - Paraphrase the learning objectives - Define & clarify most difficult concepts - List and organize key points - Suggest applications of concepts in medical practice Manage your time! Personal Study Do study questions or online Self assessment Pre-exam review Take exam With confidence

Policy Regarding Medical Excuses Based on self- reporting by students / Leave application to: - Maximum of two such excuses per semester - Third excuse results in mandatory LOA

Physiology Physiology is about the functions of living beings. Physiology is also about how the living organism adjusts to the adversities of the environment- obtain enough water to live or avoid too much water, escapes freezing to death or dying from excessive heat, moves about to find suitable surroundings, food, and mates- and how it obtains information about the environment through its senses. Physiology is about the regulation of all these functions. Intersection of behavior, ecology, anatomy, evolution, and immunology.

Classification Types of physiology Cellular Neurological Comparative Environmental Systemic-Human physiology Medical physiology concentrates on human physiology

10 Organization of the human body Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms (Human body)

Organ Systems in Review Integumentary Musculoskeletal Respiratory Digestive Reproductive and Urinary Circulatory Nervous and Endocrine Immune

13 Organ Systems 1. Integumentary system Components: Skin, hair nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands Functions: Covers and protects the body; regulate temperature

14 Organ Systems 2. Skeletal system Components: Bones, cartilage, ligaments Functions: Provides body framework and support; protects; attaches muscles to bones; provides calcium storage

15 Organ Systems 3. Muscular system Components: Muscles Functions: Produces movement; maintain posture; provides heat

16 Organ Systems 4. Nervous system Components: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense receptors Functions: Coordinates body activities; receives and transmits stimuli.

17 Organ Systems 5. Endocrine system Components: Pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and other ductless glands Functions: Regulates metabolic activities and body chemistry

18 Organ Systems 6. Cardiovascular system Components: Heart, blood vessels, and blood Functions: Transport materials from one part to another; defends against disease

19 Organ Systems 7. Lymphatic system Components: Lymph, lymph vessels, and lymphoid organs Functions: Returns tissue fluid to the blood; defends against disease

20 Organ Systems 8. Digestive system Components: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas Functions: Ingests and digests food; absorbs nutrients into blood

21 Organ Systems 9. Respiratory system Components: Air passageways and lungs Functions: Exchanges gases between blood and external environment

22 Organ Systems 10. Urinary system Components: Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra Functions: Excretes metabolic wastes; regulates fluid balance and acid-base balance

23 Organ Systems 11. Reproductive system Components: Testes, ovaries, and accessory organs Functions: Forms new individuals to provide continuation of the animal species

Contributing scientist 1.WILLIAM HARVEY 2.JOHANNES MULLER 3.CLAUDE BERNARD 4.WALTER CANON 5.PAVLOV 6.STARLING 7.HERMANN HELMHOLTZ