AMPHIBIANS Výukový materiál OR Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

AMPHIBIANS ● transition between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates ● the oldest known amphibians – Trematosaurus: ● they developed from Coelacantiformes they reached up to 1 metre ● at present 3000 species of amphibians

AMPHIBIANS ● larvae – tadpoles, breathing with outer gill, their stream organ is developed ● adults – they breathe with lungs and skin ● skin – bald, smooth, verrucous, mucus glands (the body surface is clammy), mucus glands sometimes transformed into poison, they sometimes shed their skin

AMPHIBIANS ● changeable body temperature = cold-blooded animals ● digestive system – it ends by the cloaca (both kidney and reproduction system terminals join here)

AMPHIBIANS ● Reproduction: ● Caudata: ● males put their sexual cells in special capsule ● females pick them up by the tip of cocoon = fertilization inside the female body (=internal fertilization) ● They lay eggs on water plants individually, some of them give birth to living young ones

AMPHIBIANS ● Anura: ● the male tacks on the back of the female (amplexus) ● female releases eggs, male fertilizes them (=external fertilization) ● they lay eggs in clusters (Pelophylax – pool frog, water frog), strings (toads)

AMPHIBIANS ● voice performance by the reproduction ● tadpoles: ● a long tail ● frog tadpoles ● hind legs grow first, front legs later ● gill is hidden early ● newt tadpoles ● comb-like gill ● front legs grow first

AMPHIBIANS ● food ● animal (insects…) ● colouring ● protective ● warning

AMPHIBIANS - CAUDATA ● spotted salamander: ● night animal ● deciduous, mixed forests ● endangered, protected ● newt: ● it spends the most of the year in the water ● common newt, mountain newt

SPOTTED SALAMANDER

NEWT

AMPHIBIANS - ANURA ● frogs ● short dumpy body without tail ● hind legs much shorter ● web among the toes of hind legs ● tongue – can be thrown far and is used for hunting of prey ● the most frogs are adapted to the terrestrial life ● eyelids ● most frogs care about their eggs and about their young ones (common midwife toad)

AMPHIBIANS - ANURA Toads: night frogs dumpy body verrucous skin Fire-bellied toads: small frogs distinctive black–yellow coloration on the belly

COMMON TOAD

AMPHIBIANS - ANURA Common toads: slim frogs most usual is common frog apart from the reproduction they live in shady forests Common spadefoot toad: vertical pupils a night frog it digs out holes

COMMON FROG

AMPHIBIANS - ANURA Tree frogs: they live on trees or bushes they move well on straight planes

TREE FROG

Review: 1) The skin of amphibians serves as…………………. 2) Amphibians belong to warm-bloodeed animals: YES NO 3) Tadpoles breathe with ……………… 4) How could a frog tadpole be differed from a newt tadpole? 5) Which frog species can be found in our country?

Source: DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis pro 7. ročník základní školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 1998, 152 s. ISBN Obrázky: (osvobozeno od autorských práv)