Luxor, Egypt, April 2013 Standards For Smart Water Management Vijay Mauree Programme Coordinator ITU ITU Workshop on “ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management” (Luxor, Egypt, April 2013)

Luxor, Egypt, April Background

Luxor, Egypt, April Background ITU Technology Watch Report on ICT as an enabler to Smart Water Management Overview of how ICT can be a strategic enabler for smart water management policies and surveys upcoming ICT standards that will enable smart water initiatives

Luxor, Egypt, April Key Issues Impacting Water Supply Water on Earth: 2.5% is freshwater Two-thirds of the freshwater, is locked up in glaciers In water scarce areas, a reduction in water supply is forecasted

Luxor, Egypt, April Water Scarce Areas

Luxor, Egypt, April Key Issues Impacting Water Supply Economic growth, Seasonal climatic conditions Rising population Effects linked to climate change: lengthy droughts and extreme weather events.

Luxor, Egypt, April Water Consumption How much water is consumed By people Economic sectors Water Footprint Indicator to assess the consumption of water for producing consumer goods How much H 2 O for One slice of bread = 40 litres 1 kg wheat = 1,300 litres Pair of jeans = 10,855 litres

Luxor, Egypt, April Water Footprint For a country Volume of consumption Consumption pattern Climate Agriculture Can influence business decisions as well Case of beer South Africa v/s Czech Republic

Luxor, Egypt, April ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management Mapping of water resources and weather forecasting Meeting water demand in cities of the future Asset management for water distribution network JIT irrigation in Agriculture and Landscaping

Luxor, Egypt, April ICT as an Enabler for Smart Water Management

Luxor, Egypt, April Mapping of water resources: ICT Standards Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Geospatial Portal Architecture – helps to build information models to simulate and visualize real life situations Enables geoprocessing interoperability that makes it possible to exchange geographic information and share geospatial services over the web Implemented in INSPIRE

Luxor, Egypt, April Mapping of water resources: ICT Standards INSPIRE geoportal ( geoportal.eu) provides harmonised geographical information on weather and hydrological characteristicswww.inspire- geoportal.eu

Luxor, Egypt, April Mapping of water resources: ICT Standards Geo-enable web requires GIS interoperability OGC and ISO are involved in standardization work of geographical information (Geographical Mark up Language – GML) GMLJP2 (GML in JPEG 2000) – encoding specification for inclusion of geo data as XML metadata in the image.

Luxor, Egypt, April Weather forecasting The World Weather Watch is composed of three integrated core system components. The Global Observing System (GOS) provides observations of the atmosphere and the earth’s surface (including the surface of the oceans) from all parts of the globe and from outer space. The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) combines radio and telecommunication equipment capable of providing real time exchange of a huge volume of meteorological data and related information between international and national meteorological and hydrological centres. The Global Data Processing System (GDPS), based on thousands of linked mini, micro and supercomputers, processes an enormous volume of meteorological observational data and generates meteorological products such as analysis, warnings and forecasts.

Luxor, Egypt, April Weather forecasting The World Weather Watch - WMO

Luxor, Egypt, April Weather Forecasting: ICT Standards ITU-R Study Groups provide necessary support for the development and utilization of different ICT systems such as: Weather satellites that track the progress of hurricanes and typhoons; Weather radars that track the progress of tornadoes, thunderstorms, and the effluent from volcanoes and major forest fires; Radio-based meteorological aid systems that collect and process weather data; Satellite systems that are also used for dissemination of information concerning different natural and man-made disasters.

Luxor, Egypt, April Weather Forecasting: ICT Standards ITU-R Study Group 7 : Remote Sensing Recommendations ITU/WMO Handbook on Use of Radio Spectrum for Meteorology: Weather, Water and Climate Monitoring and Prediction

Luxor, Egypt, April Meeting water demand in cities of the future : ICT Standards Monitor water consumption Smart Metering Open Metering System Specification Acquire data on electricity, gas and water Enable consumers to track their water usage Water utilities: information in real time, minimise non-revenue water Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) standard Privacy of data

Luxor, Egypt, April Asset management for water distribution network : ICT Standards Minimise leakage in water distribution network and time to repair Manage end to end distribution from reservoirs to pumping stations to smart pipes to intelligent metering at user site Use of intelligent network of sensors, nanotechnologies and mobile Information about water distribution network at the fingertip

Luxor, Egypt, April JIT Irrigation in Agriculture Wireless sensors can be placed on crops and in the soil to monitor monitor humidity levels, soil moisture Activate the valves of the irrigation system on a needs basis to provide the required volume of water

Luxor, Egypt, April When is the right time to irrigate and the right volume of water that should be applied. JIT Irrigation in Agriculture

Luxor, Egypt, April ICT Standards for Semantic Sensor Web Lack of standardised communications and API among sensor networks Standardization bodies involved OGC World Wide Web Consortium IETF IEEE (IEEE 1451) Sensor Web Enablement – specifications related to sensors, data models and web services to enable sensors to be controlled via the web.

Luxor, Egypt, April ICT Standards for Semantic Sensor Web Semantic Web – extension of the web in which semantics of information are defined Enable machines to interpret and develop relationships on content being analysed. Resource Description Framework (RDF) : data model Web Ontology Language for the RDF

ICT Standards : Water ML 2.0 OGC & WMO: WaterML 2.0 – 2012 New international standard for encoding and exchanging time series water data. By standardizing the way that hydrological data is queried, it becomes easy to access data from all across the world. Enables exchange of a broad range of water information typically associated with surface and ground water resource systems. Luxor, Egypt, April

ICT Standards : Water ML 2.0 Enables information exchange scenarios such as: Exchange of data for operational monitoring and forecasting programs Supporting infrastructure operation (e.g. dams, supply systems) Exchange of observational and forecast data for surface water and groundwater Release of data for public dissemination Enhancing disaster management through data exchange Luxor, Egypt, April

Luxor, Egypt, April New Areas for Standardization Intelligent pipes Methodologies for water footprints Big data for smart cities Geographical 3D Modelling and sensor web

Conclusions ICT can bring enormous benefits to water stakeholders Main areas for standards Semantic sensor web GIS and remote sensing Water footprint Standardised Geoweb toolkit for developing countries Luxor, Egypt, April