COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 1 Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling, 6e by Richard Sharf Power Point Slides

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 2 Chapter 1 DEFINITIONS Career – Individuals’ work and leisure that takes place over their life span Career Choice – Decisions made during one’s life about work or related activities Jobs – Positions requiring certain skills within an organization Occupations – Similar jobs found in many organizations

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 3 CAREER AND PERSONAL COUNSELING Career counseling includes personal issues Personal counseling includes career issues Goals may be explicit or implicit

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 4 THEORY DEVELOPMENT Theories must be: Explicit about rules and terms Precise about predictions and limitations Tested through research Consistent and clear

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 5 CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY To use career development theories, counselors should consider: Their client populations Their theory of personality and counseling The theory’s ease of use in counseling sessions

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 6 A VIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE (DAWIS) Person Environment (Person - Environment Fit)

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 7 CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS Helping skills Knowledge of tests Knowledge of occupational Information Knowledge of career development theory

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 8 HELPING SKILLS USED IN CAREER COUNSELING Attending Questioning Restating Reflecting content Reflecting feelings Continuation responses Giving information not opinion Reinforcement Family background exploration Test and inventory interpretation

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 9 CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS: KNOWLEDGE OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS Norms – Scores that are typical of a population – usually presented in percentiles Reliability – Dependable and consistent; scores taken on two forms of a test should be similar Validity – The test measures what it is supposed to measure

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 10 OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION Common Sources: Occupational Outlook Handbook Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance Occtalk – Talk about occupations Psychtalk – Talk about self

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 11 CAREER COUNSELING SKILLS: KNOWLEDGE OF OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION Knowledge of work Knowledge of occupational classification systems

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 12 GOALS OF CAREER COUNSELING EXPLICIT – Counselor and client agree on goals Implicit – Assumptions about goals made by the counselor

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 13 TWO TYPES OF THEORIES Longitudinal Age Life Span Theories Relational Theories Cross sectional Trait and Factor Decision-Making Social Learning Social Cognitive

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 14 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES Autonomy – Respect that clients make their own decisions Nonmalficence – Do no harm Beneficence – Help clients by promoting health and well-being Justice – Fairness in dealing with clients and other professionals Fidelity – Honoring commitments to clients, colleagues, and students

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 15 TRAIT AND FACTOR THEORY Step 1: Gaining self-understanding Step 2: Obtaining knowledge about the world of work Step 3: Integrating information about self(Step 1) and the world of work(Step 2) Chapter 2

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 16 GAINING SELF-UNDERSTANDING Step 1: Aptitudes Scholastic Assessment Tests ACT Tests Differential Aptitude Tests General Aptitude Test Battery Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Achievement Specific Occupations Interests Kuder Career Search Strong Interest Inventory California Occupational Preference Survey Values Study of Values Super’s Work Values – revised Personality California Psychological Inventory 16 Personality Factors

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 17 OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE WORLD OF WORK Step 2: Types of Occupational Information Description Qualification Education Working conditions Salary Employment outlook Advancement Similar careers Information for women and minorities Brief examples

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 18 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS Step 2: Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Standard Occupational Classification Manual (SOC) Enhanced Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE)

COPYRIGHT © 2014 Brooks/Cole*Wadsworth Publishing Company A division of Cengage Inc. 19 INTEGRATING INFORMATION ABOUT SELF AND THE WORLD OF WO RK Step 3: Compare test and occupational information Compare interview and occupational information Computer programs (such as SIGI 3 and DISCOVER) include all three steps