Towards Total Sanitation in Indonesia Presentation to 2 nd South Asia Conference on Sanitation, Islamabad, September 2006 MINISTRY OF HEALTH REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Republic of Indonesia Population: 215m with 57% in villages Geography: 17,000 islands over 5000kms Socio-Economy: GDP per capita US$3,700; <30 million (17.8%) below poverty line Religion: Muslim(88%), Christian (8%), Hindu, Buddhist, others (4%) Culture: More than 300 ethnic groups; 580 languages and dialects; national language Bahasa Indonesia

To halve proportion of rural people without access to sanitation needs MORE THAN 200 YEARS at current rate MDG challenge  Access to rural sanitation 38% (69% access rural water)  After 20 years 74m people not covered, especially poor (2004 JMP)  MDG target: 69% by 2015 (annually 3.7m people over 10 years)

Why such slow progress? 1. Poor not reached by projects  Failure of hardware subsidies/credit approaches (eg WSLIC-2 revolving funds had <10% coverage change)  Community power structures mean same h/hs get aid 2.No scale up strategy in place  target few households, not total community 3. Poor sustainability of infrastructure  No ownership by users (abandoned/unused toilets)  Revolving credit loans not repaid or revolved  Imposed ideas (teaching, coercion, in-kind donations)

Village Luk, Sumbawa: who benefits? Abandoned toilet from 1996 ESWS Project Toilet part-funded by WSLIC-2 Project revolving credit in 2004

Story of CLTS in Indonesia (1) Mid 2004: Review of WSLIC 2 recommends overhaul of rural sanitation approaches Sep 2004:Feasibility assessment for CLTS in Indonesia Nov 2004:Exposure visits to Bangladesh and India Feb 2005:GOI decides to trial CLTS in 2 RWSS projects May 2005:Vietnam study tour to IDE’s Sanitation Market Development May 2005:CLTS field trials launched in 12 villages (8 districts). 1 st batch of villages at each site achieves ODF and 100% access in 2 weeks- 3 months (6400 h/hs) Sept 2006:CLTS spread spontaneously across provinces to almost 100 communities, resulting in 72 open-defecation-free (ODF) communities and 3 whole ODF sub-districts.

Story of CLTS in Indonesia (2) Aug 2006:Minister for Health declares CLTS as national approach for rural sanitation programs in Dept of Health (lead agency) Sept 2006:WSLIC 2 (WB) replacing revolving credit with CLTS approach (WB) 2006: CWSH (ADB) project adopted CLTS as entry point in 20 districts Jan 2007: PAMSIMAS (WB) has $10m for CLTS & 10m for sanitation marketing for 109 districts in 15 provinces 2007: Pro-Air (GTZ) adopting CLTS in 4 districts in one of poorest provinces Breaking news….GATES Foundation given $2m for scaling up CTLS in Indonesia during

CLTS RESULTS

What have we learnt?  New approaches are required to achieve significant improvements in rural sanitation as required to meet the MDGs.  Faster and more effective response and more community initiative for CLTS in areas untouched by projects with hardware/cash/credit subsidies  Results change mindsets – local government skeptical at first and now very motivated to adopt CLTS after seeing results.  National operational strategy is needed for scaling up and donor harmonisation for no-subsidy approach

Moving forward…. Challenges  How to generate demand and build local supply capacity for sanitation sustainably for poor and non-poor  How to ensure consistency of approaches (harmonisation) in scaling up rural sanitation at district and provincial level  How to build local commitment and capacity in scaling up CLTS during in 15 provinces Responses  Dept. Health establishing multi- sectoral Technical Team for widespread scaling up for CLTS  Min. Planning funding a Workshop in November to develop National Rural Sanitation Operational Strategy and build national multi- stakeholder/ partner consensus  PAMSIMAS program will conduct advocacy and capacity building with local governments & politicians in 15 provinces  PAMSIMAS also providing complementary support for sanitation supply chain capacity development and marketing (PAMSIMAS)

Thank you. THANK YOU