EPIDEMIOLOGY

MORBIDITY VS MORTALITY SUVEILLANCE OF DISEASE OCCURRENCE REPORTING SYSTEM FROM INDIVIDUAL DOCTORS TO COUNTY, STATE AND FEDERAL PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICIALS CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION IN ATLANTA GEORGIA

STATISTICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY PROBABILITY OF EXPOSURE PROBABILITY OF TRANSMISSION

HISTORY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY JOHN SNOW AND CHOLERA

TYPES OF STUDIES DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES

DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES DESCRIBES PATTERNS OF DISEASE IN POPULATIONS USING AGE, GENDER, GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND TIME OF OCCURENCE

ESCHERICHIA COLI E. COLI O157:H7 JANUARY WASHINGTON STATE SEVERE BLOODY DIARRHEA FOUND IN HAMBURGER MEAT

ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES USE SCIENTIFIC METHOD ESTABLISHES CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS COHORT STUDY CASE CONTROL STUDY

COHORT STUDY MOST DEFINITIVE STUDY GROUPS WITH AND WITHOUT RISK FACTORS LEGIONAIRE’S DISEASE

CASE CONTROL STUDY INDIVIDUALS WITH DISEASE ARE COMPARED WITH THOSE WITHOUT HANTAVIRUS

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ANIMAL STUDIES HUMAN STUDIES

TERMS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY INCIDENCE –NUMBER OF NEW CASES SEEN IN A SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD PREVELANCE –TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES AT ANY ONE TIME

MORBIDITY RATE EXPRESSED AS CASES PER 10,000 PER YEAR

MORTALITY RATE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WHO DIE AS OF A SPECIFIC DISEASE PUBLISHED IN MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORTS

PATTERNS OF DISEASE OCCURENCE ENDEMIC, EPIDEMIC, PANDEMIC AND SPORADIC DISEASES

ENDEMIC DISEASE CONSTANTLY PRESENT PARTICULAR GEOGRAPHIC AREA INVOLVES RELATIVELY FEW INDIVIDUALS NOT MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEM TUBERCULOSIS AND MUMPS IN US GONORRHEA AND CHANCROID IN WORLD

EPIDEMIC DISEASE UNUSUAL OCCURENCE OF DISEASE INVOLVES LARGE SEGMENT OF POPULATION FOR LIMITED TIME ENDEMIC DISEASES CAN BECOME EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA, MEASLES AND CHICKEN POX

PANDEMIC DISEASE SERIES OF EPIDEMICS AFFECT SEVERAL COUNTRIES MAJOR PORTIONS OF THE WORLD INFLUENZA PANDEMIC OF HIV AND AIDS GENITAL HERPES AND GENITAL WARTS

SPORADIC DISEASES UNCOMMON OCCUR IRREGULARLY AFFECT FEW PEOPLE DIPHTHERIA AND WHOOPING COUGH CAN OCCASIONALLY BECOME EPIDEMIC

TYPES OF EPIDEMICS COMMON SOURCE PERSON TO PERSON mhttp://en.allexperts.com/e/e/ep/epidemic.ht m

COMMON SOURCE EPIDEMICS SINGLE EXPOSURE SOURCE RAPID ONSET OF DISEASE CASES RAPID DECLINE OF DISEASE CASES

PERSON TO PERSON EPIDEMIC PROPOGATED SLOW PROLONGED RISE OF CASES SLOW PROLONGED DECLINE IN CASES

INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS PRIME EXAMPLE OF PERSON TO PERSON EPIDEMICS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION TRIES TO LIMIT BY VACCINES SOMETIMES WORKS SOMETIMES NOT

DISEASE TRANSMISSION

RESERVOIRS SUPPORTS SURVIVAL, MULTIPLICATION, AND TRANSMISSION LIVING RESERVOIRS NONLIVING RESERVOIRS

TERMS VECTORS VEHICLES FOMITES

HUMAN RESERVOIRS MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS CANNOT LIVE OUTSIDE HOST LONG MANY RESTICTED ALMOST ENTIRELY TO HUMANS

POTENTIALSOURCES BODY FLUIDS FECES URINE SEMEN AND DISCHARGES FROM GENITOURINARY TRACT SALIVA FROM MOUTH MUCUS FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT BLOOD DISCHARGES FROM SORES AND WOUNDS

CARRIERS HOST WHO HARBORS PATHOGENS THAT ARE TRANSMISSIBLE TO OTHERS HEALTHY CARRIERS INCUBATORY CARRIERS CONVALESCENT CARRIERS INTERMITTENT CARRIERS

ZOONOSES & VECTOR TRANSMITTED DISEASES RABIES YELLOW FEVER PLAGUE ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER TYPHUS FEVER LYME DISEASE LEISHMANIASIS AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS CHAGA’S DISEASE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS MALARIA

NONLIVING RESERVOIRS FOMITES VEHICLES

PORTALS OF ENTRY SKIN MUCOUS MEMBRANES RESPIRATORY GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT URINARY TRACT PARAENTERAL ROUTE – WOUNDS, ANIMAL BITES, INJURIES PATHOGENS ARE GENERALLY RESTRICTED TO SPECIFIC PORTALS

INFECTIOUS DOSE NUMBER OF PATHOGENS NEEDED TO CAUSE DISEASE VARIES FROM ONE TO HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS HIV REQUIRES LARGE DOSES ENCAPSULATED STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE JUST A FEW PATHOGEN MUST OVERCOME HOST DEFENSES

FACTORS THAT AFFECT INFECTIOUS DOSE HOST DEFENSES ABILITY OF MICROBE TO OVERCOME DEFENSES MALNUTRITION IMMUNITY OF HOST

PORTALS OF EXIT DISCHARGED WITH BODY FLUIDS AND WASTES SNEEZING, COUGHING, TALKING VAGINA AND SEMEN SECRETIONS

TRANSMISSION AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION VEHICLE TRANSMISSION FOOD WATER DIRECT SEXUAL CONTACT VECTOR TRANSMISSION ZOONOSES DIRECT SKIN CONTACT NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION TRANSMISSION BY BODY FLUIDS

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION COMMON CORYZA INFLUENZA LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE TUBERCULOSIS HISTOPLASMOSIS COCCIDIOMYCOSIS

VEHICLE TRANSMISSION- FOOD POISONING OR INTOXICATION INFECTIONS

FOOD POISONING OR INTOXICATAION STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING BOTULISM

GASTROENTERITIS AND ENTEROCOLITIS VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS BACTERIAL ENTEROCOLITIS E. COLI O157:H7 TYPHOID FEVER SHIGELLOSIS HEPATITIS GIARDIASIS CYRPTOSPORIDISOSIS TOXOPLASMOSIS YERSINIOSIS

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AIDS GENITAL HERPES GENITAL WARTS GONORRHEA SYPHILIS NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS

DIRECT TRANSMISSION BY SKIN CONTACT WARTS LEPROSY TINEA

INDIRECT CONTACT FOMITES ARE CONTAMINATED WITH PATHOGENS

VECTORS ARTHROPODS ARE MOST COMMON VECTOR MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION

MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION SIMPLE PASSIVE TRANSPORT PATHOGENS ARE CARRIED ON INSECTS (USUALLY) FEET OR BODY PARTS –FLIES ON FOOD

BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION MORE COMPLEX PATHOGENS REPRODUCE BOTH IN VECTOR AND HOST

ALTERNATE HOST HOST WHERE ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OCCURS

DETERMINANT HOST HOST WHERE SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OCCURS

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS SERUM HEPATITIS PUERPERAL FEVER\INFECTIONS AFTER SURGERY

SERUM HEPATITIS EBOLA

DISEASE PREVENTION REMOVAL OF PATHOGEN FROM FOOD AND WATER SOURCES VECTOR CONTROL ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE VACCINATION /hygiene/emergencies/em2002chap11.pdf

REMOVAL OF PATHOGENS FROM FOOD AND WATER SEWAGE TREATMENT WATER TREATMENT PASTEURIZATION CANNING OF FOOD

VECTOR CONTROL REDUCE INSECT NUMBERS LICE MOSQUITOS TICKS FLEAS

ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE PREVENT EXPOSURE OF OTHER TO DISEASE PATHOGENS

VACCINATIONS ATTEMPTING TO MAKE IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY HERD IMMUNITY

TYPES OF VACCINATIONS TOXOIDS KILLED MICROBE INACTIVATED MICROBE ATTENUATED MICROBE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF MICROBE VECTOR VACCINES

BOOSTER VACCINES GIVES MULTIPLE EXPOSURES TO ANTIGEN MAINTAINS IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

TYPES OF VACCINATIONS INTRADERMAL SUBCUTANEOUS INTRAMUSCULAR INTRAVENOUS ORALLY

ROLE OF ADJUVANTS CHEMICALS THAT ENHANCE ANTIGENICITY ALUMINUM ALUM

VACCINES FOR PREVENTION OF OF DISEASES PROPHYLAXIS –TETANUS –RABIES