The Cold War 1945-1991. The Forces…. The Cold War was a bipolar war between the United States and Soviet Union The Cold War was a bipolar war between.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War

The Forces…. The Cold War was a bipolar war between the United States and Soviet Union The Cold War was a bipolar war between the United States and Soviet Union Political Ideologies: Democracy vs. Capitalism Political Ideologies: Democracy vs. Capitalism Main Reason: Arms Race Main Reason: Arms Race

Their allies…. United States: CanadaBritainFrance West Germany Japan Soviet Union Many countries of Eastern Europe: Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Poland East Germany Romania

Protection of Alliances North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) created in 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) created in 1949 Purpose: enhance the stability, well- being, and freedom of its members through a system of collective security. Members of the alliance agree to defend one another from attack by other nations or by terrorist groups.

Protection of Alliances Warsaw Pact establish in 1955 Warsaw Pact establish in 1955 Purpose: mutual military allegiance against NATO

Nuclear weapons became mutual deterrence which defined the military relationship between the powers. Nuclear weapons became mutual deterrence which defined the military relationship between the powers. Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

Struggle of Europe Soviet Union brought Communist governments to power in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland ( ) Soviet Union brought Communist governments to power in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Poland ( ) In 1947 the Truman Doctrine was issued as aid to anti-Communist countries In 1947 the Truman Doctrine was issued as aid to anti-Communist countries Purpose was to prevent the spread of communism Purpose was to prevent the spread of communism The concern for the U.S and the other Western countries was that the Soviet Union would try to gain control of the Western Europe The concern for the U.S and the other Western countries was that the Soviet Union would try to gain control of the Western Europe The Marshall Plan was created in 1947 The Marshall Plan was created in 1947

Game Theory Prisoner’s Dilemma is a non-zero-sum game Prisoner’s Dilemma is a non-zero-sum game The two players in the game can choose between two moves, either "cooperate" or "defect". The idea is that each player gains when both cooperate, but if only one of them cooperates, the other one, who defects, will gain more. If both defect, both lose (or gain very little) but not as much as the "cheated" cooperator whose cooperation is not returned. The two players in the game can choose between two moves, either "cooperate" or "defect". The idea is that each player gains when both cooperate, but if only one of them cooperates, the other one, who defects, will gain more. If both defect, both lose (or gain very little) but not as much as the "cheated" cooperator whose cooperation is not returned.

The End of the Cold War 1980s was the last of the friction between the two great powers due to the Soviet Union invasion in Afghanistan in s was the last of the friction between the two great powers due to the Soviet Union invasion in Afghanistan in 1979 Soviet Union was beginning to struggle economically Soviet Union was beginning to struggle economically Then in the mid-1980s Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail came to power in the USSR. Then in the mid-1980s Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail came to power in the USSR. Gorbachev was determined to halt the increasing decay of the Soviet system and to shed some of his country’s foreign policy burdens. Gorbachev was determined to halt the increasing decay of the Soviet system and to shed some of his country’s foreign policy burdens. He had two solutions: He had two solutions: 1. glasnost: to broaden the boundaries of political discussion 2. perestroika: to restructure their economic system He tried to establish good relations with the Western leaders and withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan

The End of the Cold War He was unsuccessful and the economy began to take a large dip He was unsuccessful and the economy began to take a large dip In 1990 Germany became its on unified country In 1990 Germany became its on unified country 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved and declarations of independence from other republics took place 1991 the Soviet Union dissolved and declarations of independence from other republics took place Commonwealth of Independent States were formed uniting the former republics Commonwealth of Independent States were formed uniting the former republics