Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter 8 Preschool

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Preschool  Characteristics  Ages 3-6 years  Growth slow and steady  Improved fine and gross motor skills  Autonomous, creative exploration  Participation in preschool and nursery school

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Physical Characteristics of the Preschooler  Height and weight  Body proportions  Muscle and bone development  Teeth  Sensory development

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Vital Signs  Temperature  Pulse  Respirations  Blood pressure

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Developmental Milestones  Motor development  Gross motor skills  Fine motor skills  Sexual development

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Psychosocial Development  Erikson—Developing initiative  Pretending  Trying out new roles

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Discipline  Need limits set  Learn impulse control  Use positive reinforcement  Use time out

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Psychosocial Concerns  Jealousy  Sibling rivalry  Need “special time” with parents  Response to divorce  Preschool education

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Cognitive Development  Piaget—Preoperational stage continues  Reversibility  Centration  Magical thinking  Longer attentions span

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Moral Development  Kohlberg—Preconventional stage  Learn to model adult behaviors  Freud’s development of a superego or conscience

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Communication  Language more sophisticated  4-year-old  Uses 3-4 word sentences  Understands who, what, and where questions  5-year-old  Can form sentences with five or more words  Vocabulary contains words  Very talkative  Like to talk on the telephone

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Nutrition  Follow the food pyramid  Average 1800 calories/day  Still like certain familiar foods  Need smaller portions than adults  Offer healthy snacks  Mealtime should be pleasant, family time

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Sleep and Rest  Need hours of sleep  Some still need a daytime nap  Follow a consistent bedtime routine  Dreams and nightmares are common

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Play  Cooperative or associative play  Sharing and taking turns  Need activities to further develop gross motor skills  Fine motor skills improve, more coordination  Building confidence  Play stimulates imagination  Limit television and video games

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Safety  Safety issues  Use of proper clothing for play and sleep  Use of proper safety restraints in motor vehicles  Stranger safety  Water safety  Poisoning

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Health Promotion  Good health practice  Use of health-care services  Early diagnosis and treatment  Regular immunizations

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Common Preschool Concerns  Thumb sucking  Bedwetting  Fears

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter Challenge  Explain what Erikson meant by the task of initiative for this stage  Give three good food snacks appropriate for this stage  Describe the safety concerns for preschoolers