Chapter 9 Exterior Design Factors

2 Links for Chapter 9 Site Considerations Design Basics The Design Process

3 Introduction The design of a house does not stop once the room arrangements have been determined Considerations must be given to the site, the style and shape of the floor plan, and the exterior style

4 Site Considerations (1 of 2) Neighborhood - Size, value, and design of the home should be similar to those around it Review Boards - Sets minimum standards for homes built in a particular area -many areas have architectural control committees -these boards often set standards for minimum square footage, height limitations, and the type and color of the siding and roofing materials

5 Site Considerations (2 of 2) Access - A home requiring universal access should blend in with the rest of the homes -the narrower the lot the more access will affect the location of the entry and the garage -a corner lot will allow for much more flexibility in garage and house placement

6 Site Accessibility (1 of 2) Main entrance to be no farther than 6’-0” behind longest wall or at an angle up to 45° At least 15% of the street-facing façade must be windows Garage wall can be no longer than 50% of the entire façade of the home Garage can not be closer to the street property line

7 Site Accessibility (2 of 2)

8 Elements of Design (1 of 5) The elements of design are the tools the designer uses to create a structure that will be both functional and pleasing to the eye These tools are line, form, color, and texture

9 Elements of Design (2 of 5) Line - Provides a sense of direction or movement of the structure –Horizontal lines are used to accent length –Vertical lines are used to accent height –Diagonal lines create a sense of transition –Curved lines provide smooth transitions and provide soft graceful feeling

10 Elements of Design (3 of 5) Form - Created by lines and used to accentuate specific features Forms may be used to break up the length of a residence Used to create a sense of security

11 Elements of Design (4 of 5) Color - Distinguishes exterior materials and accent shape; creates a dramatic difference in the final appearance –Hue - Actual color –Value - Lightness or darkness of a hue –Intensity – Brightness or strength of a specific color –Colors may be classified as warm or cool -warm: reds and oranges; tend to make objects appear larger or closer -cool: blues, greens, and violets; make objects appear farther away

12 Elements of Design (5 of 5) Texture - Refers to the roughness or smoothness of an object -Rough surfaces tend to create a feeling of strength and security; gives an illusion of reduced height -Smooth surfaces create a sense of luxury; gives an illusion of increased height

13 Principles of Design Line, form, color, and texture are the tools of design The principles of design affect how these tools are used to create an aesthetically pleasing structure These principles are rhythm, balance, proportion, and unity

14 Principles of Design Rhythm - Leads the eye from one place to another in an orderly fashion; can be created by a gradual change in materials, shape, and color Balance - Relationship between various areas of the structure –Formal - Objects are symmetrical –Informal - Objects are nonsymmetrical

15 Principles of Design Proportion - Relates to the size and balance –Common proportions - 2:3, 3:5, 5:8 –The relationship of house to the environment –Must be considered for interior and exterior Unity - Relates to rhythm, balance, and proportion –Similar features relate to each other

16 Floor Plan Styles Single Level - Provides stair-free access; attractive to people with limited mobility Split Level - Suited for sloping sites and combines one- and two-level residences; many clients like the reduced number of steps Daylight Basement - Both levels are seen from since it is on a sloping site;

17 Floor Plan Styles Two-Story - Living and sleeping are separated and less land is required Dormer - Uses attic space to provide to extend the sloped roof

18 Exterior Styles Usually based on housing styles from past designs Georgian –Basic house that uses formal design –Uses columned entry way –Door is at the centerline of house –Form and symmetry

19 Exterior Styles Saltbox - Followed the Georgian styles but without the detailing; two story front and one story rear Garrison - Upper floor extends beyond the lower floor.

20 Exterior Styles Cape Cod –One level with a steep roof –Dormers used to create extra space Federal –Designed in the late 1700’s –Uses the Garrison design with a higher roof pitch –Windows capped with projected pediments

21 Exterior Styles Greek Revival - Built with classical proportions and decorations of the classic Greek architecture; low sloped gable roof Southern Colonial - Looks like a Georgian except for the flat covered porch that extend the length of the house English - Unsymmetrical layout designed in the early 1800’s; windows are diamond shaped

22 Exterior Styles Dutch - Uses a gambrel roof French - Incorporates the mansard roof design and found more in the south Spanish - One story house usually made of plaster or adobe; low roof Farmhouse - Uses two-story construction and is surrounded by a covered porch

23 Exterior Styles Ranch - One-story elongated floor plan with a low pitched roof Victorian - Originating in the late 1800’s, this house is very ornate and irregular shaped

24 Exterior Styles Contemporary - No special style is followed but the needs and lifestyle of the owner are reflected

The End!!! Questions??