Construction Industry Top 10 Most Frequently Cited Serious Hazards in FY 2009 The information in this presentation is provided voluntarily by the N.C. Department of Labor, Education Training and Technical Assistance Bureau as a public service and is made available in good faith. This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. The information and advice provided on this Site and on Linked Sites is provided solely on the basis that users will be responsible for making their own assessment of the matters discussed herein and are advised to verify all relevant representations, statements, and information. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of North Carolina or for any standards issued by the N.C. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the N.C. Department of Labor. The data is Federal Fiscal Year (explained on next page).

Objectives Reveal the Top Ten most-frequently cited serious Construction Industry Standards FY- 2009. The Top Ten List includes data about the citations/violations issued from October 1, 2008, through September 30, 2009. Illustrations: MS Clipart

N.C. Department of Labor Illustration: NCDOL OSH Division 3

The Big Four Most fatalities on construction sites can be categorized into four groups by cause: Falls Struck by object Crushed by object/equipment Electrocution Illustrations: MS Clipart

Occupational Fatality Investigation Review (OFIR) Fatal Events (October 1, 2008 – September 30, 2009) FY 2009 (41 Fatalities) (Graph from NCDOL)

Frequent Inspections Number 1: Accident prevention responsibilities Provide for frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment to be made by competent persons designated by the employers. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Frequent Inspections Competent person 1926.20(b)(2) Competent person One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Frequent Inspections Nails 1926.20(b)(2) Would you question the frequency of inspections at this location? Nails Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

Frequent Inspections 1926.20(b)(2) Would you question the frequency of inspections at this location? Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

Fall Protection Number 2: Residential construction Provide employee fall protection when 6 feet or more above lower levels. Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

Fall Protection Does he have fall protection? 1926.501(b)(13) Photo – Builders Mutual

Examples of Fall Protection 1926.501(b)(13) Guardrail System Illustrations: NCDOL OSH Division Photo: CDC, US Government Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) Safety Net

Personal Protective Equipment Number 3: Eye and face protection Provide employees with eye and face protection when machines or operations present potential eye or face injury from physical, chemical, or radiation agents. Illustrations: MS Clipart

Eye and Face Protection Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

Examples of Eye and Face Protection Welding Helmet Safety Glasses Photos: California OSHA Face Shield

Use of Portable Ladders Number 4: Portable ladders When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, they must extend 3 feet above landing or be properly secured to access upper landing surface. Illustration: OSHA.gov

Use of Portable Ladders Portable ladder not extended at least 3 feet above/secured to upper landing surface. Photo: OSHA.gov 17

Use of Portable Ladders Portable ladder not extended 3 feet above/secured to upper landing surface. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division 18

Fall Protection Number 5: Unprotected sides and edges Employees shall be protected where walking/working surfaces are 6 feet or more above lower level. Photo: OSHA Web site e-tools http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/falls/fatexfalls1.html

Unprotected Sides and Edges 1926.501(b)(1) Any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches high. 1926.500(b)(2) Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Unprotected Sides and Edges 1926.501(b)(1) Lack of fall protection on unprotected sides and edges Photo : NCDOL OSH Division 21

Fall Protection – Steep Roofs 1926.501(b)(11) Number 6: Steep roofs Each employee on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected from falling by guardrail systems with toe-boards, safety net systems, or PFAS. Steep roof means a roof having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal). MS Clip Art

Fall Protection – Steep Roofs 1926.501(b)(11) No fall protection Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Fall Protection – Steep Roofs 1926.501(b)(11) Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Personal Protective Equipment Number 7: Head injury protection Employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury from impact, or from falling or flying objects, or from electrical shock and burns, shall be protected by protective helmets. Protective helmets must comply with ANSI Z89.1-1969. Illustration: MS Clip Art

Head Injury Protection Lack of head protection for workers with potential head injury hazards. Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

Head Injury Protection Photo: NCDOL OSH Division

Fall Protection - Training Number 8: Training Employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. Photo: OSHA.gov 28

Fall Protection - Training Workers should know how to properly wear equipment. Workers should know where to tie off. Photo: OSHA.gov 29

Fall Protection - Training Is equipment inspected? Is equipment properly maintained? Illustration: CDC.gov 30

Scaffolding - Platform Access Number 9: Platform access When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access Use portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist or similar surface for access. Note: Cross braces shall not be used as a means of access.

Scaffolding - Platform Access Improper scaffold platform access Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Scaffolding - Platform Access Portable ladder used to access scaffold platform Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Scaffolding - Platform Access Scaffolding with inner stairway for climbing Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Scaffolding - Platform Access Scaffolding with attached ladder on side Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Scaffolding - Fall Protection 1926.451(g)(4)(i) Number 10: Guardrail systems Guardrail systems shall be installed along open sides and ends of platforms. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Scaffolding - Fall Protection 1926.451(g)(4)(i) Mobile scaffolding showing employee protected by a guardrail. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Scaffolding - Fall Protection 1926.451(g)(4)(i) Scaffolding with unprotected workers. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Summary In this course, we discussed the Top Ten most-frequently cited serious standards for the construction industry in FY 2009. You should now understand and be able to identify hazards associated with the Top Ten most cited serious OSH violations in the construction industry. Photo : NCDOL OSH Division

Summary Number 1: 1926.20(b)(2) - Frequent inspections; provide frequent and regular inspections of the job sites, materials, and equipment by competent persons designated by the employers. Number 2: 1926.501(b)(13) - Fall protection; employee protected 6 feet or more above lower level in residential construction. Number 3: 1926.102(a)(1) - Eye and face protection; general requirement for eye and face protection when machines or operations present eye or face injury. 40

Summary Number 4: 1926.1053(b)(1) - Use of portable ladders; must extend 3 feet above landing or be property secured to access upper landing surface. Number 5: 1926.501(b)(1) - Fall protection; employees on a walking/working surface (horizontal and vertical surface) with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall have fall protection. Number 6: 1926.501(b)(11) - Fall protection; employees on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall have fall protection.

Summary Number 7: 1926.100(a) - PPE; employees working in areas where there is a possible danger of head injury shall be protected by protective helmets. Number 8: 1926.503(a)(1) - Fall protection training; employer shall provide a training program for each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards. Number 9: 1926.451(e)(1) - Scaffolding; proper access provided to scaffold platforms that are more than 2 feet above or below access point.

Construction Industry Summary Number 10: 1926.451(g)(4)(i) - Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms. Construction Industry Injuries Fatalities 43

Thank You For Attending! Final Questions? 44