Atoms and Elements Elements and Symbols Periodic Table

Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium

Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Cocobalt N nitrogenCacalcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium

Symbols from Latin Names ElementSymbolLatin name CopperCucuprum GoldAuaurum LeadPbplumbum MercuryHghydrargyrum PotassiumKkalium SilverAgargentum SodiumNanatrium TinSnstannum

% Major Elements in the Body O65.0 %K 0.34 C18.0S 0.26 H10.0Na 0.14 N 3.0Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4Fe P 1.0 Zn Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V

Element Symbols Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C2) Ca3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S2) Sl3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir2) FE3) Fe

Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe

Names of Elements Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium2) phlogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver2) agean3) gold

Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver

Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.

Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor

Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties

Groups on the Periodic Table

Representative Groups Group 1Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7 Halogens Group 8Noble Gases

Location of Some Groups e A l m k e a t l a i l s A l e k a a r l t i h n e HalogensHalogens I G n a e s r e t s

Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements

Periods on the Periodic Table

Periodic Table Groups A. Element in Group 17, Period 4 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron

Solution A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 2) magnesium

Periodic Table Groups A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group 14 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group 15 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb

Solution A. Element in Group 17, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group 14 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group 15 2) N, P, As

Metals and Nonmetals Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy line Dull and brittle Poor conductors, good insulators

Metals and Nonmetals NONMETALS METALS Transition metals

Identifying Metals & Nonmetals Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur____ B. chlorine____ C. sodium____ D. iron____ E. carbon____ F. silver____

Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur__2__ B. chlorine__2__ C. sodium__1__ D. iron__1__ E. carbon__2__ F. silver__1__

Identifying Metals & Nonmetals Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group 14 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group 15 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb

Solution A. Metals in Group 14 1) Ge, Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 15 2) N, P, As