Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.1 Organic molecules overview
What are organic molecules? All contain ___________ Four types of organic molecules
Why is carbon ubiquitous in organic molecules? Stable structure 6 electrons ____ number of bonds it can form Single, double, triple bonds Forms long chains
How are long chains formed? Dehydration synthesis Monomer + monomer __________ + H20 Hydrolysis __________ + H20 monomer + monomer
What are functional groups? Can be Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Isomers
Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.2 Carbohydrates
What is a carbohydrate? (CH2O)n Common energy source Name ends in –ose 4.3 kcal/mol Name ends in –ose Hydrophilic Straight chain or ring
What are mono- and disaccharides? Monosaccharides glucose Fructose Ribose deoxyribose Disaccharides Maltose Sucrose
What are polysaccharides? Joining of three or more monosaccharides via ______ Starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin, peptidoglycan
Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.3 Lipids
What are lipids? Common energy store Long chains of C and H ~ 9 kcal/mol Long chains of C and H Hydrophobic Several types Triglycerides Phospholipids Waxes Steroids
What are triglycerides? Fats and oils Contain Glycerol Fatty acids (contains carboxyl group) Two types Saturated Unsaturated
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Complete number of ___ Unsaturated Contains double bonds Contains fewer ____ Transfats AKA partially hydrogenated fats
What are phospholipids? Amphiphilic Create cell membrane Similar to triglycerides as they contain Glycerol Phosphate group Two fatty acids
What are waxes? Long chain fatty acids bonded to long-chain alcohols Solid at room temp
What are steroids? Four-ring lipids Cholesterol is base molecule Basis for many sex hormones
Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.4 Proteins
What are proteins? Perform many functions Long chains of _____________ Support Enzymes Transport Defense Hormones Motion Long chains of _____________
What are amino acids? Common structure 20 common kinds hydrophobic, hydrophilic Joined together via ________ to make polypeptides Peptide bond
What are the shapes of proteins? Shape determines ________ Four levels of structure Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary
What are some other properties of proteins? Fibrous proteins Structural hydrophobic Globular proteins Enzymes Hydrophilic Chaperone proteins Prions? Denaturation pH Heat
Chemistry of Organic Molecules 3.5 Nucleic Acids
What are nucleic acids? Long chains of _________ DNA RNA ATP Three components in nucleotides DNA RNA ATP
What is the structure of DNA? Double helix Deoxyribose Nucleotides joined via _______ Sugar-phosphate backbone Purines vs. pyrimidines Joined via hydrogen bonds
What is the structure of RNA? Single stranded Ribose Sugar-phosphate backbone
What is ATP? Adenosine triphosphate Unstable P bond Energy molecule