3-2 New England Colonies Pages 78-84

What are the Puritans and Pilgrims? Wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church Believed the bishops and priests had too much power Pilgrims Most extreme of all protestants who wanted to separate from the Church of England

Why did the Pilgrims come to America? Pilgrims were being punished for not following the Church of England Left England for the Netherlands in 1608 where they could practice their religion, but lost their English traditions. 1620 a joint stock company was created and sent the Mayflower to the new world

What was the Mayflower Compact and why was it so significant? Governing laws of the new colony at Plymouth 41 men signed in 1620 a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good. Significance 1st attempt at self government

What was the relationships between the Pilgrims and Native Americans? In March 1621, The Pilgrims meet Samoset and Squanto who both spoke English With the help of the local Wampanoag Indians they learned how to plant successfully First harvest was a celebration due to its success with the Wampanoag First Thanksgiving

What was life like in the Pilgrim community? Made little Money due to poor fishing and farming 1620s more colonists continued to come strengthening the colony Family is important Education is important Women cooked, spun, wove, sewed, cared for the home and farm animals Men made tools, worked in the fields, got wood and shelter

What was the role of women in the New England colonies? In Plymouth women had more legal rights then in most of the world. Sign contracts, take cases to court, widows could own property Courts also recognized women's help in businesses

Why did the Great Migration occur? In the 1620s England was in an economic crisis Dissenters of the Anglican Church were being punished 1629 – A charter was given to the Massachusetts Bay Company to build an ideal Christian community

Massachusetts Bay Colony - 1630 Connecticut - 1639 Rhode Island Why a success? Well prepared, help from Plymouth, healthy climate, little Native resistance Thomas Hooker? Created a new colony away from Massachusetts, disagreements with Massachusetts Bay Colony Roger Williams? Disagreed with the close connection between the religion and politics in Massachusetts, created a separate colony in Providence that allowed for separation and religious tolerance General Court? Self governing body, bicameral in 1644, 1st attempt at self government Relationship between Government and Religion? In order to vote needed to be a member of the church, God’s elect (chosen full member of church)     Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? A more democratic system of government set up, basis of today’s democracy Anne Hutchinson? Held radical religious ideas, felt did not need ministers, Puritans believed that women should not be religious leaders, she was put on trial and forced out of the colony, started the colony of Portsmith Rhode Island John Winthrop? Organized the original trip to Massachusetts, 1st governor    

What were the Salem Witch Trials? Took place in Salem in 1690s A group of girls accused many of casting spells on them Those accused were pressured to admit they were witches 19 people were put to death

Jobs Description Farming   Merchants Fishing Shipbuilding Skilled Craftspeople Few cash crops due to poor soil, little dependence on slaves; mostly subsistence farming Trade was vital to NE, traded locally, within the colonies, internationally, traded beef, fur, and pork, leading members of society Leading industry, cod, mackerel, halibut, exported dried fish, whale hunting for light oil Plenty of forests, increase trade especially of slaves, fishing, supported, high quality valuable vessels Blacksmith, weaving, shipbuilding, printing, young boys apprentice to learn trades, journeymen traveled learning and using their trade; master craftsmen

What education existed in the colonies and why? Education important in New England where people were required to learn to read and understanding the Bible. Public Education Purpose to educate ministers 1647 General Court of Massachusetts – required schools in each township with 50 families New England Primer – focused on Bible stories Parents and tutors educated Education through elementary school

Higher education 1636 Harvard College started to train ministers 1693 William and Mary created 1770 in New England 70% of men = literate 45% of women = literate Less in other colonies