Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  Industrial Revolution – output of goods is increased by intro. of machines  Began in England during the 18 th century  What are textiles?  Simply, it’s fabric that makes our clothing.

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  The revolution 1 st began with agriculture  Wealthy landowners bought up small chunks of land to form one big field (called an enclosure) They closed it off with fences, hedges, large rocks and other earthly materials. Some even planted trees  The enclosed lands (larger tracts of lands) offered the chance for experimentation Planted deep & spaced rows (Awesome) Just threw some seeds out (Horrible idea!) Planted an inch down (so, so) Planted deep, but my rows are all jacked up! (Pretty Good!)

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  The enclosures had (2) effects:  Experimentation (New ways of planting & new techniques) Jethro Tull invented the seed drill (Planted seeds so further down and in even rows) Before Jethro, farms used to just scatter seeds and hope they would grow  The small farmers went out of business (They went to town to look for new work)  Yee-Haw! Dem seeds er gonna grow!

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  Crop Rotation- Growing different crops year-after-year to restore nutrients to the ground.  4-Year Cycle Year 1: Wheat Year 2: Root Vegetables (Beets, Leeks, Radishes) Year 3: Corn Year 4: Legumes (Beans, Peas, Lentils)  Livestock also evolved  Robert Bakewell increased mutton (Sheep) output by breeding only the best, strongest, and healthiest sheep Other farmers followed suit Between the weight for lambs increased from 18 – 50 pounds. What is the percent of change Corn GBs Corn GBs

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  % of change  18 – 50 pounds  Average of 14 points scored to 38 points scored.

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  Cause & Effect (Sequence of Events)  Improvements in farmingFood supplies increase Living conditions improve population increases Increased demand for food and goods People who lost land moved More enclosed farms to the cities for factory work & crop rotation

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods.  What do you need for this? LAND – Natural Resources, got it (coal, iron ore, rivers for transp., good harbors to port) Labor – Smaller farmers are now factory workers, got it Capital – Any tool to complete a job, Sort of got it (Not Money) Financial Capital – (Is Money) Why was England the spot for this? Water power & coal to fuel the new machines Iron ore to make machines, tools, and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors that had ports to import and export

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  Why England? (cont…)  Political & Economic Stability Had investors to support or create new businesses The banking system had a common currency Loans were available to start a new business Overseas trade was booming Laws were passed by parliament to protect business

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization  Major inventions took hold in the textile industry first  1733 – John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle  1764 – James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny  1769 – Richard Arkwright invented the Water Frame  1779 – Sam Crompton invented the Spinning Mule  1787 – Edmund Cartwright invented the Power Loom  1793 – Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin  Because the above machines were H 2 O or steam-powered, the factories that housed these machines were located by rivers or streams.

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization Improvements in Transportation

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization Water Transportation 1807, Robert Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, made it’s first successful journey What are some positives of this economically? Quicker deliveries Cheaper costs More trade

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization John McAdam improved road transportation Laid large bedrock down on dirt roads Then, laid small bedrock to fill in gaps and make smooth Prevented people from sinking in muddy roadways How do you suppose these rocks were crushed? Stone mills powered by steam This allowed entrepreneurs (investors) to buy the invention and capitalize on it (capitalists). Charged money at tolls (places to pay money to travel further) to travel on roadways

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization Railways  Driven by steam obviously  From early 1800s to late 1820s, locomotives mainly used for hauling natural resources (coal, iron ore, rock, etc.)  1830, first human transport locomotive introduced  George Stephenson’s, the Rocket, could travel at a whopping 24 mi. per/hr. w/a payload of 13 tons  Railway advantages?  Cheap way to transport goods  Created new jobs  Improved business by being able to transport goods further away to new customers  Allowed people to get jobs elsewhere and start a new trend of vacationing

Assignment

Mind-Map 21 st Century Steam-Power Steam is used to heat surface, kill bacteria/viruses, remove stains, and able to be wiped away. Shark-Steamer