Effects of entrepreneurship education in Norway and Europe Jarle Tømmerbakke CEO – JA YE Norway

Definition / Progression The status Challenges Goals Measures Evaluation and follow-up

To be an important motivation force To collaborate in creating a culture that favors innovation and adaptation To focus on young people To encourage young people to believe in their own creative abilities and that they can create values and workplaces for themselves and others. To create a positive attitude to entrepreneurship The Government’s Vision on Entrepreneurship in Education

Enterprise in education JA-YE Norway Education Start up Private Public Partners in entrepreneurship education

Primary Schools - Important to start early take responsibility, trial and error, develop creativity and the desire to find things out, social skills, … understanding of cultural and economic resources in the local community Lower Secondary Schools using pupil enterprises as a method Upper Secondary Schools theory and practice focusing on learning through practical work the Company Program international perspective Universities and Colleges student enterprises / Graduate program learning how to draw up a business plan, identification and evaluation of business opportunities The Government’s Vision

6 Age 9-10 Age Age Age Universities Our Community Smart Creativity Camps Europe and Me It’s my business Kids’ enterprise Creativity Camps Job Shadow Economics for Success Company Program How to keep the accounts Serious business Award Creativity camps Enterprise without Borders Creativity Camps Success Skills Graduate program How to keep the accounts Pedagogical railing Programs offered

Upper secondary (16-19 years) Company Program teams students in the program Penetration rate 20% Activities for students teachers in different activities Penetration rate– Company program

Norwegian survey 2005 Below 21 years0,0 % years old14,8 % years old10,4 % ,6 % Total16,6 % Start up rate among students who have participated in the JA-YE Company Program – Upper Secondary Level - the hard facts: Students from 1990 to 2003 The average start up rate in Norway is for comparison 7,0 % Effects of entrepreneurship education in Norway and Sweden This study has been twice in Norway and three times in Sweden. The conclusions are the same: The level of entrepreneurial activity among students who have participated in the Company Program is at least double of what is the activity in the average population…

By doing the JA-YE Company Program, the former students answered: Made the schoolwork more interesting and stimulating: 80% Influenced on the relations between students and teachers in a positive way: 64% Influenced on the friendship between the students in a positive way70% By doing the JA-YE Company Program, the teachers answered: Meant a lot for the students abilities to solve problems:89% Made the schoolwork more interesting and stimulating for students:87% Meant a lot for the students motivation to start their own business: 73% Meant a lot for their cooperation skills:91% Meant a lot regarding their attitudes to start their own business:73% Teaching this way, was a very positive experience for me as teacher:81% …the soft skills… students from 1990 to 2003

All Years 02/04 Years 04/06 No desire/plans to establish my own business 65 % 63 %66 % Will / want to establish my own business within 3 years17 % 12 %19 % Have established my own company / finalizing establishing my own business 17,4 %25 %16 % Study from October 2006 done by Eastern Norway Research Institute. “What happened later” - Students doing the Graduate Program in Universities Total sample app Random sample 596 Answers from 43 % Conclusion: The level of entrepreneurial activity among students who have participated in the Graduate Program is at least double of what is the activity in the average population…

Experiences from participation in JA-YE Company Programmes Denmark, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Romania, Norway and Slovakia

Start-up rate following participation in the Company Program in Upper Secondary School 14 percent of those who have participated in CP have subsequently been involved in entrepreneurial activity ( Belgium:8.5%) With error margins: Between 11.7 – 17 percent 36 percent have plans to establish a business within the next 3 years 50 percent have no (immediate) plans to start up their own company Belgium: No: 68,0% No, but: 23,5% In process: 3.2% Yes: 5.3%

Are they still running the company? Percentage Yes 85 No, I closed it 9 No, I sold it 6 Sum 100

Reasons for participation - motivation Compulsory-based: 13 % - (Belgium 23% /Norway =44 %) Enterprise-based: 53 % Recommendation-based: 26 % Advantage-based: 9 % Belgium: Enterprise-based 13 % Norway: Enterprise-based 30 % Estonia: Enterprise-based 56 % Slovakia: Enterprise-based 66 % Finland : Enterprise-based 78 %

Entrepreneurial activity and educational attainment In the other countries entrepreneurial activity increases with educational attainment, while in Belgium entrepreneurial activity decreases with educational attainment. In Belgium entrepreneurial activity rates are very high among those who have only completed Upper secondary school compared to those with a University degree (twice as high).

Conclusions Entrepreneurship in the education system can make a difference in the value creation for a nation. It takes a whole village to raise a child. It’s important to start early to create an entrepreneurial attitude and culture among students. The students from Upper Secondary schools are the driving force for entrepreneurship in higher education, at least in Norway…