DO NOW You have 10 minutes to label the map using the directions on the back. HW – Read , answer questions 2 and 4

The Korean War

Leading to the Korean War Japan had controlled Korea since 1910 August 1945, Japanese troops surrendered to SU and US SU controlled N. Korea = Communist US controlled S. Korea = Non-Communist North Korea all the industry, South Korea all the agriculture 1949, both SU and US withdrew troops, left North and South staring bitterly at one another

The First Attack June 25, 1950 – N. Korea invaded S. Korea Alarmed US who did not want another Asian country to fall to communism Truman decided to take military action

“What the Communists, the North Koreans, were doing was nothing new… Hitler and Mussolini and the Japanese were doing exactly the same thing in the 1930s… Nobody had stood up to them. And that is what led to the Second World War.” ~Truman

The US Enters the War Truman ordered Naval/Air support for S. Korea Robert Taft of Ohio, said President had taken Congress’ power to declare war UN Security Council adopted US resolution to help S. Korea  SU was not present to veto 16 nations sent 520,000 troops, 90% were American 590,000 S. Korean troops Combined under command of General Douglas MacArthur

US Fights in Korea N. Korean forced troops into small zone in S. Korea called Pusan

US Fights in Korea N. Korean forced troops into small zone in S. Korea called Pusan MacArthur’s miracle counter attack began on Sept 15, 1950 –Amphibious landing at Inchon, able to chase invaders out of S. Korea

US Fights in Korea N. Korean forced troops into small zone in S. Korea called Pusan MacArthur’s miracle counter attack began on Sept 15, 1950 –Amphibious landing at Inchon, able to chase invaders out of S. Korea War changed from Defensive to Offensive As Americans got closer to Korea’s border with Manchuria, US received threats that China would get involved MacArthur dismissed the warning, stated war would be over by Thanksgiving

The Chinese Fight Back November 25, 300,000 Chinese soldiers came to N. Korean aid By January 1951, N. Korean side recaptured Seoul MacArthur wants full attack on China to end stalemate in Korea 1. Blockade China’s coast 2. Use Atomic Bombs 3. Get Chiang Kai Shek’s troops to invade S. China Truman rejected requests –SU had mutual-assistance pact with China, could set off WW3 Instead of attacking China, US forces advanced once more north. March 1951, everything was as it was before any fighting began

The Chinese Fight Back November 25, 300,000 Chinese soldiers came to N. Korean aid By January 1951, N. Korean side recaptured Seoul MacArthur wants full attack on China to end stalemate in Korea 1. Blockade China’s coast 2. Use Atomic Bombs 3. Get Chiang Kai Shek’s troops to invade S. China Truman rejected requests –SU had mutual-assistance pact with China, could set off WW3 Instead of attacking China, US forces advance north once more. March 1951, everything was as it was before any fighting began

MacArthur vs. Truman MacArthur not happy with just recapturing S. Korea  went public against Truman’s decision Truman relieved MacArthur of his command April 11, 1951 Public outraged, Poll said “69% backed MacArthur” After MacArthur stampeded around the country, and Truman laid low, he finally made his case At a committee hearing, Truman had witnesses discuss the need for a limited war, Committee agreed, and public switched to believe Truman was right.

Stalemate June 1951, the SU unexpectedly called for a cease fire Truce talks began in July 1951, agreed on 2 points 1.Cease fire line at existing battle line 2.Demilitarized zones between opposing sides Another year over exchange of prisoners July 1953, armistice finally signed ending war, stalemate at best –N. Korea had been pushed back, communism contained without a world war, and without use of A-Bomb –BUT Korea was still 2 nations instead of one

Effects on the US 54,000 Americans died Cost between $20 and 22 billion Democrats lost 1952 election, partially due to cost of war and inability to win Korean War increased fear of Communist aggression Lead to a hunt for spies on whom to blame Communist gains