Beginning of the Cold War Review Book: Unit 6, Section 2
Situation after World War II ◦ Allies: U.S. Great Britain France Soviet Union China ◦ Axis: Germany Italy Japan
United Nations ◦ General Assembly: all members ◦ Security Council: 15 members 10 rotate 5 permanent: U.S., Britain, France, U.S.S.R. (Russia), China ◦ Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1946 Eleanor Roosevelt
Containment ◦ goal to stop the spread of communism and “contain” it ◦ distrust of Soviet Union & communism ◦ “Iron Curtain” Speech Winston Churchill – warned of the threat of communist expansion
◦ Truman Doctrine, 1947 aid to Greece & Turkey to resist communism ◦ Marshall Plan, 1947 aid to nations to stop the spread of communism
Division of Germany ◦ 4 zones of occupation: Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union ◦ Berlin Blockade Soviets blocked access to West Berlin ◦ Berlin Airlift Western powers sent supplies by planes Soviets ended blockade
Containment (continued) ◦ Point Four Program,1950 aid for technical development in Latin America, Asia, & Africa ◦ North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) collective security agreement stop communism
◦ Warsaw Pact Soviet Union & 7 Eastern European nations ◦ European Economic Community (EEC) Common Market, 1957 ended trade barriers led to European Union (today)
Containment in Asia ◦ Chinese Communist Revolution, 1949 Civil War 1930s – Mao Zedong vs. Chiang Kai-shek 1949 People’s Republic of China – communist Taiwan independent
◦ The Korean War 1945 Korea divided at 38 th parallel North – Communist South – anti Communist 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea President Truman sent General MacArthur to stop invasion – conflicts between the 2 men War ended July 1953 – Korea remained divided
The Cold War at Home ◦ House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) ◦ The Smith Act, 1940 – illegal to promote idea of overthrowing government ◦ Loyalty Review Board, 1947 – security checks on federal employees ◦ Alger Hiss case Hiss – former advisor to FDR charged with ties to communism
The Cold War at Home (continued) ◦ McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy Made charges against those accused of connections to communism The Rosenberg Case, 1950 Ethel & Julius Rosenberg Convicted of spying for Soviet Union Executed in 1953
◦ McCarthyism (continued) McCarran Internal Security Act, 1952 limited actions of those seen as threat McCarran-Walter Act, 1952 restricted immigration from nations under communist influence ◦ McCarthy’s fall televised accusations targeted military lost support