Chapter AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim 34

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim I.East Asia in the Postwar Settlements II.The Pacific Rim: More Japans? III.Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution? IV.Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Rebirth and Revolution in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert East Asia in the Postwar Settlements Japanese Recovery –Japan occupied by United States Korea divided –Russian, American zone Emerging Stability in Taiwan,Hong Kong, and Singapore –Chinese occupation  Chiang Kai-shek Reoccupation of some areas

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert New Divisions and the End of Empires Postwar decolonization –U.S. loses Philippines –Dutch: Indonesia –British: Malaya Chiang, Guomintang –driven to Taiwan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Pacific Rim Area by 1960

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japanese Recovery American occupation –ends, 1952 Democratization –women get the vote –unions encouraged –Shintoism disestablished –land redistribution –new constitution  modified, 1963

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japanese Recovery Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea: Intervention and War North –communist –Kim Il-Sung, to 1994 South –Syngman Rhee –parliamentary government

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Korea: Intervention and War North invades South, 1950 –U.S. leads UN effort  China supports North –1953, armistice

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore Taiwan –Guomindang retreats to Taiwan –U.S. Support Hong Kong –British colony –Chinese control, 1997 Singapore –independence, 1965

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style Liberal Democrat Party, –corruption raises questions Cultural continuity Hiraoka Kimitoke –nationalist

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Economic Surge Company unions –cooperation between management, labor Women –traditional attitudes Popular culture –Western influence –Political change

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Pacific Rim: More Japans? The Korean Miracle –South Korea  Chung-hee,  military loses power  more open press, political action  new companies Hyundai

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Advances in Taiwan and the City- States Taiwan –rapid economic growth –more contact with China, other neighbors –Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978  gap narrows between China and Taiwan

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Advances in Taiwan and the City- States Singapore –similar to Taiwan –Lee Kuan Yew  authoritarian rule –returned to China, 1997

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Common Themes and New Problems Common culture –group loyalty stronger than individualism –Confucianism important in economic development –benefit from Japanese influence Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution Chiang Kai-shek –Japanese invasion  allies with Communists –Guomindang's position lessened  partly due to military defeat –Communism popular  Mao gaining power by 1945 –Defeat of Japan, 1949  Communists ascendant

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Indices of Growth and Change in the Pacific Rim: Per Capita GNP,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Indices of Growth and Change in the Pacific Rim: Social and Economic Data,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert China in the Years of Japanese Occupation and Civil War,

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mao's China: Vanguard of World Revolution The Communists Come to Power –Secession movements  Inner Mongolia, Tibet –Korean War  China supports division –Vietnam  support liberation

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Alliance with Soviet Union Collapses by late 1950s –border disputes –post-Stalin changes War with India

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice Land reform First five-year plan, 1953 Mass Line approach, 1955 –agricultural cooperatives –farming through collectives from 1956 Purge of intellectuals, 1957

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The Great Leap Backward The Great Leap Forward, 1958 –based on peasant communes –peasants un-cooperative –famine –ended by 1960 –Mao no longer state chairman  still head of Central Committee  replaced by pragmatists Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens” Mao and Jiang Qing –Guomindang  not supportive of women's rights –Communist promising –legal equalilty –work outside the home –opportunities increase

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four Cultural Revolution, 1965 –Zhou Enlai  into seclusion –Liu Shaoqui  killed –Deng Xiaoping  Emprisoned –ended, 1968

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Gang of Four Jiang Qing –opposed by Deng –defeated by pragmatists –imprisoned Pragmatists –more open to West, capitalism

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam French –interest since 1600s  hope to convert to Catholicism –Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s –Nguyen, Trinh dynasties out –French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long)  unification by 1802  new capital at Hue

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam Minh Mang –persecution of Vietnamese Catholics French intervene, 1840s –Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s –Nguyen as puppets French takeover –discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival –French influence  Western-educated middle class –Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)  from 1920s  repressed, 1929

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival –Communist the focus of resistance  crushed by French  aided by Comintern –Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The War of Liberation against the French Viet Minh –communist-dominated resistance –Vo Nguyen Giap  proclaims independence, 1945  only in North War –French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954 –Geneva conference promises elections

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The War of Liberation Against the United States Communists v. United States –South  Ngo Dinh Diem, president  fights communists (Viet Cong) –North  supports Viet Cong

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert The War of Liberation Against the United States Communists v. United States –United States  supports military overthrow of Diem  withdraws, 1970s –Communists  take South Vietnam

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert North and South Vietnam

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam Difficulties –U.S. blocks international aid –reprisals Economy more open in 1980s –better relations with U.S.

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns Adas Schwartz Gilbert Global Connections: East Asia and the Pacific Rim in the Contemporary World Patterns of development differ from most other Asian and African nations –Ethnic homogeneity –Cultures and societies less impacted by colonization –Few benefits from European domination Growing power of east Asia