The Civil War

CIVIL WAR 1861- 1865 The Union was the northern states – Yankees The Confederate was the southern states- Rebels

Causes of the Civil War SLAVERY Sectional Differences

Sectional Differences - NORTH Land not as fertile, farmers – but not with large plantations Used slaves until 1800’s After 1800’s work came from immigrants – less expensive to hire than to buy a slave

Sectional differences - NORTH Developed economy Created environment where normal concept was free workers hired out for wages than slaves working Strong in Protestant religion- valued moral strictness, economic independence and efforts to improve ones self.

Sectional differences - NORTH Protestants disapproved of slavery Thought is was an embarrassment to a republic dedicated to liberty and freedom

Sectionalism - SOUTH Land very fertile – long growing season Large plantations Tobacco and then cotton 1500-1860 slave labor in the south By 1860’s- FOUR million black slaves had labored in the south

Events leading to CIVIL WAR Compromise of 1850 Kansas- Nebraska Act Dred Scott Case

Compromise of 1850 Slave trade to continue but prohibited slave trade in Washington D.C. California admitted to union as free state New territories could decide if free or slave state Fugitive Law

Fugitive Law If a slave escaped from the south, they were to be returned to the North Abolitionists disobeyed fugitive slave law and created Underground Railroad Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe on of the most effective attacks on fugitive slave trade

Kansas- Nebraska Act 1854 Act created territories of Kansas and Nebraska Gave rights to people to decide if going to be a free or slave state – process known as “popular sovereignty”

Kansas- Nebraska Act Kansas was the first test Majority voted against slavery Proslavery forces refused to accept decision – led to violence 1861 Kansas admitted as free state

Dred Scott In 1857 Missouri slave – Dred Scott sued for his freedom He and his master moved from Missouri to a free state and then a free territory Scott claimed he was a free man since he lived in places where slavery were not recognized

Dred Scott Chief Justice Roger B. Tuney said Scott , a black man, was NOT a citizen, therefore did not have the right to sue in US court. Chief Justice also said federal government could not exclude slavery from territories This angered Northerners because they thought it opened territories to slavery.

Political Happenings

Republican Party Established in the North – 1854 Opposed slavery and its extension into territories

Democrats Split in 1860 into Northern and Southern Democratic parties due to issues of proslavery and antislavery

Abraham Lincoln Won all Electoral in free states except New Jersey He received 4 of the 7 electoral votes there Less than 40% of popular vote

Succession Begins Dec. 1860 South Carolina Jan. 1861 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana Feb. 4, 1861- these states formed the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis from Mississippi was elected president of Confederacy in 1861 March 2, 1861 Texas

Start of Civil War Confederates fired on Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina on April 12, 1861 Fort surrendered next day April 15 – Lincoln called for Union troops to regain the fort South saw it as declaration of war

More States leave Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee

Confederate States Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia

Union States California Connecticut Delaware Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont Wisconsin

Results of War 620,000 Soldiers died Union = 360,000 Confederacy = 260,000 One-half of all deaths caused by disease South was destroyed Bitterness between North and South

Results of War Yankee ideals of hard work, education, and freedom helped encourage the development of United States as modern, industrial leader