Warm-Up Gallery Walk: Take a walk around the room and decide where the actions given on the placards match the goals stated in the Preamble

The Preamble Open to the Preamble of the Constitution (p. 95) and for each of the six purposes of the Constitution, give an example of how the government accomplishes that purpose.

Principles of the Constitution Civics Unit 2 Principles of the Constitution (Ch. 3.4) A Constitution is a document that outlines how a nation will be governed

Federalism –power is shared between the national government and the state governments a. working together for the benefit of all b. the states must approve all amendments in order to change the Constitution

III. Separation of Powers Three branches of Federal Government: Congress, President, and Supreme Court Article I- Legislative Article II- Executive Article III- Judicial E. Checks and balances keep the branches in check

A Congress: Federal (bicameral) B General Assembly: State (bicameral) Legislative Branch –differences between federal and state and local legislatures A Congress: Federal (bicameral) B General Assembly: State (bicameral) C City Council: City ( board of members)

Executive Branch: to execute or carry out laws A: President w/Cabinet Officers- Federal B: Governor w/ Council of State- State C: Mayor w/ City Council- City/Local level

Judicial Branch- to judge or interpret and clarify laws. A: Supreme Court – Federal B: NC Supreme Court- State

IV. Checks and Balances L>E: impeachment, override veto, reject appointments and treaties L>J: impeachment, reject appointments E>L: veto (also head of party, “bully pulpit”)

E>J: appoint judges, pardon J>E: declare actions unconstitutional J>L: declare laws unconstitutional

V. Limited Government Government may only do the things that people have given them the power to do Constitutionalism- gov’t must follow the law Bill of rights- designed to limit federal government Article I, Sec 9- powers DENIED to Congress Article I, Sec 10- powers DENIED to the States

VI. Federalism -gov’t power divided between federal and state Expressed Powers or “enumerated powers”- powers written out specifically in constitution

Implied Powers- powers not expressly stated “Necessary and Proper” (or “Elastic”) Clause allows Congress to make laws to expand upon enumerated powers ex: creation of executive agencies, social programs, economy regulation

Reserved Powers- powers reserved specifically for the states marriage and divorce, public schools, liquor laws full faith and credit clause- each state must recognize the laws, decisions of other states Concurrent Powers- powers both national and state gov’ts have (ex: collect taxes, crime and punishment)

Supremacy Clause (Article VI) Delegated Powers- powers held by Fed gov’t only (naturalization, postal service, copyrights and patents). Supremacy Clause (Article VI) Constitution is the Supreme law of the land Laws and treaties passed by Federal gov’t supreme over the states http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQMZ2PT7kr0

Powers in the Constitution Civics Unit 2 Powers in the Constitution

I. Legislative Branch (Art. I) All Legislative powers: make the laws Session- time Congress meets Special session- can be called by the President

House of Representatives “house of the people”- popularly elected 435 members (number set by law) term is for 2 years Qualifications- 25 years old, citizen for 7 years, live in state and district Speaker of the House- head of party in power and overseer of house

Gerrymandering- drawing district lines for the advantage of a particular party http://www.redistrictinggame.org/

Senate “house of the states” –originally elected by state legislatures 100 members- 2 per state term is 6 years (1/3 elected every 2 years) Qualifications- 30 years old, citizen for 9 years, live in state

17th Amendment- allowed people to vote for Senators V.P. is “president” of Senate- votes in ties- Who? President Pro Tempore- overseer of Senate- Daniel Inouye. Daniel Inouye

Powers of Congress Enumerated (Art I, Sec. 8) Tax and budget (power of the purse) Regulate interstate and international commerce Immigration Coin money Patents and copyrights Inferior courts to Supreme Court Declare war Raise army and navy Regulate federal land and “seat of gov’t”

Powers DENIED congress (Art I, Sec 9) Commerce compromise (no tax exports, slave trade end after 20 years) Suspend writ of Habeas Corpus- have to be present for your trial No Ex Post Facto Laws- makes it a crime after it was done No Bills of Attainders- punishment without trial http://www.youtube.com/user/ignitelearning#p/u/40/IxYACTGPzAE

II. Executive Branch (Art. II) Chief Executive appoint top level officials (Cabinet) with “the advice and consent of Senate” running of the government (bureaucracy)

Chief Diplomat make treaties (formal agreements with other countries) with 2/3 of Senate Recognition- formally acknowledges another country send and receive ambassadors

Commander and Chief civilian in charge of military only Congress can “declare war” War Powers Act- designed to limit the president’s power, strengthen Congress Notify Congress in 48 hours After 60 days must have approval from joint resolution of Congress (30 day extension)

Legislative Powers Executive orders- orders with the force of law w/o Congress needed “message power”- recommended State of the Union call special sessions of Congress

Submit a budget for Congressional approval “take care” laws are “faithfully executed” Approve or Veto legislation Veto Approve Do nothing (for 10 days) If Congress is not in session: Pocket Veto- bill dies If Congress is in session: bill passes

Judicial powers Nominates federal judges Pardon- relieve all charges commutation- reduce a sentence reprieve- spare from death penalty

III. Judicial Branch (Art. III) Jurisdiction- allows a court to hear the case Original Jurisdiction- a specific court MUST hear that case State laws in state courts, federal laws in federal courts conflicts between states is Supreme Court

Appellate Jurisdiction- only hear appeal of case Appeal- reviewing a lower court’s ruling Long, difficult appeal process Supreme Court chooses the cases they hear otherwise accept previous ruling 9 Justices- 8 plus 1 Chief Justice. 5. Serve for Life Impeachment, death or Retirement.