Seismic interferometry for passive and exploration data: reconstruction of internal multiples Kees Wapenaar 76th SEG meeting, New Orleans October 3, 2006

Seismic interferometry : obtaining new seismic responses by X-correlation Claerbout, 1968 (1-D version) Schuster, 2001, 2004 (interferometric imaging) Weaver and Lobkis, 2001 (diffuse wave fields) Wapenaar, Draganov et al., 2002, 2004 (reciprocity) Derode et al., 2003 (time-reversal) Campillo and Paul, 2003 (surface waves) Berkhout and Verschuur, 2003 (primaries from multiples) Snieder, 2004 (stationary phase) Bakulin and Calvert, 2004 (virtual source) Gerstoft, Sabra et al., 2004 (surface wave tomography) Van Manen, Robertsson & Curtis, 2005 (modeling)

Modification for passive data

Modification for exploration data

Monopole at x

Dipole at x

High-frequency approximation

High-frequency approximation Far-field (Fraunhofer)

High-frequency approximation Far-field (Fraunhofer)

Uncorrelated noise sources:

Uncorrelated noise sources:

Modification for passive data

Free surface

High-frequency approximation Free surface

High-frequency approximation Free surface Far-field approximation (Fraunhofer)

High-frequency approximation Free surface Far-field approximation (Fraunhofer)

Free surface

Free surface Uncorrelated noise sources

Draganov and Wapenaar, SEG 2005

Draganov and Wapenaar, SEG 2005

Draganov and Wapenaar, SEG 2005

Real data application: Draganov et al. Seismic interferometry on background-noise field data Tomorrow, 8:30 AM, session CH 4, room 278

Modification for exploration data

0 2 4 6 10

(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 2 4 6 10 0 2 4 6 10

(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 2 4 6 10 0 2 4 6 10 -4 -2 0 4

(a) (b) (c) (d) 0 2 4 6 10 0 2 4 6 10 -4 -2 0 4 -4 -2 0 4

Analysis of integral over for Hence, integral over alone is not sufficient

Analysis of integral over for ‘Sufficiently inhomogeneous’ Analysis of integral over for Hence, integral over alone is sufficient !

25 layers

250 layers

250 layers

3000 2000 1500 (a) 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1 2 3 5 (b) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 (c) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000

3000 2000 1500 (a) 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1 2 3 5 (b) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 (c) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000

3000 2000 1500 (a) 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1 2 3 5 (b) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 (c) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000

3000 2000 1500 (a) 1000 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1 2 3 5 (b) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 (c) 0 1000 2000 3000 5000

25 layers (a) (b) (c) (d) 0 2 4 6 10 0 2 4 6 10 -4 -2 0 4 -4 -2 0 4

250 layers (a) (b) (c) (d) 0 2 4 6 10 0 2 4 6 10 -4 -2 0 4 -4 -2 0 4

Observations: Exact reconstruction possible from sources on alone The full coda contributes to the reconstruction of early arrivals: Hence, (much) longer registrations required To be investigated: Stability (Snieder and Scales) More realistic configurations Comparison with virtual source (Bakulin and Calvert) Comparison with primaries from multiples (Berkhout and Verschuur) Effect of anelastic losses Elastodynamic extension

Seismic interferometry for multicomponent exploration data From 3-component data to 3x3 component data

Seismic interferometry for multicomponent exploration data From 3-component data to 3x3 component data

Conclusions Exact representation requires sources on closed surface

Conclusions Exact representation requires sources on closed surface For passive data: sources in subsurface suffice

Conclusions Exact representation requires sources on closed surface For passive data: sources in subsurface suffice For exploration data: sources at surface suffice if medium is sufficient inhomogeneous

Conclusions Exact representation requires sources on closed surface For passive data: sources in subsurface suffice For exploration data: sources at surface suffice if medium is sufficient inhomogeneous The full coda contributes to the reconstruction of early arrivals Hence, (much) longer registrations required

Conclusions Exact representation requires sources on closed surface For passive data: sources in subsurface suffice For exploration data: sources at surface suffice if medium is sufficient inhomogeneous The full coda contributes to the reconstruction of early arrivals Hence, (much) longer registrations required Extension to multicomponent data

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006 -1.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 -3000 -1500 0 1500 3000 Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006

Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006 -1.0 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 -3000 -1500 0 1500 3000 Snieder, Wapenaar and Larner, 2006