RECONSTRUCTION

REVIEW OF THE CIVIL WAR ( ) Between the North (the Union) and the South (the Confederacy) Over Slavery & States Rights Appomattox April 9, 1865 Gen. Robert E. Lee (South) & Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (North) met at the Appomattox Court House; General Lee surrenders resulting in Northern victory of the war 360,000 Union Soldiers and 260,000 Confederate Soldiers Died

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE CIVIL WAR  Union enlisted black soldiers in conquered areas of the South  They made up 1/10 of Union Army by end of war  Unequal treatment in Army  54 th Massachusetts  One of the 1 st African American units in the War  Fort Wagner  William Harvey Carney – 1 st African American to receive Medal of Honor

THE WAR ENDS IN 1865… SO NOW WHAT???? Economic problems Political changes – Federal power increased 13 th Amendment – Abolishing slavery Lincoln is Assassinated by John Wiles Booth on April 14, 1865 …… Reconstruction

LINCOLN’S PLAN 10% Plan – Governments would pardon all Confederates (except high-ranking officials) Once 10% of a state’s population who had voted in 1860 had given an oath of allegiance to the union that state could form a new state gov’t and send representatives and senators to Congress. Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee and Virginia accepted the plan

RADICAL REPUBLICANS Led by Charles Sumner of Massachusetts and Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania Wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders Wanted African Americans to get full citizenship and the right to Vote.

JOHNSON’S PLAN Like Lincoln’s Plan Excluded high-ranking Confederates and wealthy Southern Landowners from taking to oath. All 7 remaining states accepted Johnson’s Plan (except Texas)

CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION

SOCIETAL RECONSTRUCTION Postwar South Economically Devastated Property Value plummeted Small farms were ruined Government started public works programs to repair the physical damage of the war and to provide social services.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE SOUTH 13 th amendment gave them freedom, 15 th amendment gave them the right to vote Many white southerners refused to accept African American’s new status African Americans founded their own churches The First real Public school systems in the south were during Reconstruction – African Americans get an education Sharecropping and Tenant Farming No Land of their own

THE FALL OF RECONSTRUCTION Problems and Resentment between white southerners and African Americans