UNIT 3 – ENERGY AND POWER 3-2 UNIT 3 Topics Covered IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 UNIT 3 – ENERGY AND POWER UNIT 3 Topics Covered Energy Sources – Power Plants and Fuels Classical Mechanics: Force, Work, Energy, and Power Trigonometry and Vectors Energy and Power Impacts of Current Generation and Use

Answer the following question in your notebook. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 20 Feb 2014 DRILL Answer the following question in your notebook. If non-renewable fuels come from renewable plants and animals, why do we call them non-renewable? http://www.palaestra.com/sun.gif

IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 CLASSWORK Write important notes from the video and answer the following questions in a separate sheet. 1. How is electricity made from coal? 2. What are the (2) pollutants produced in the air in the burning of coal and how they are cleaned? 3. What is gypsum used for? What is fly ash used for? 4. What is SCR used for? 5. Describe the path of electricity from the power plants to our homes. http://www.palaestra.com/sun.gif

Answer the following question in your notebook. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 29 Jan 2012 DRILL Answer the following question in your notebook. Describe the path how electricity is distributed from the power plants to our houses. Then, copy the next set of notes. http://www.palaestra.com/sun.gif

IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 COPY: Natural Gas Sea plants and animals died, were buried on the ocean floor, covered by layers of silt and sand. 50-100 million years – remains buried deeper. Heat and pressure turned remains into oil and gas. http://www.worldofteaching.com/powerpointpresentations.html

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Often referred to as “gas” Gaseous fuel consisting mostly of methane, but includes quantities of other hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are molecules made up of H and C http://www.altfuels.org/backgrnd/fuelchem.html C3H8 – Propane CH4 – Methane

COPY: Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 COPY: Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Methods of Extraction Associated – found in oil fields Non-associated – found in natural gas fields Coalbed Methane – found in coal beds Before use, it must undergo processing to remove everything but methane (such as CO2, N2, H2) http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NaturalGasProcessingPlant.jpg http://serc.carleton.edu/images/research_education/cretaceous/cbmrecovery.jpg

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Methods of Extraction Geologists locate types of rock that are known to contain gas and oil deposits. Seismic surveys – echoes from a vibration source Drilling begins, whether on land or offshore. NG flows up the well to the surface. Goes to processing or directly to transport pipeline NG is colorless, odorless, tasteless, so a chemical is added to give it odor – Mercaptan http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT www.encapgroup.com/drilling/

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Top World Producers Russia & Kazakhstan - almost 40% of world's supply Iran (15%), Qatar (5%), Saudi Arabia (4%), Algeria (4%), United States (3%), Nigeria (3%), Venezuela (3%) 90–95% of natural gas in U.S. domestic (255,000 miles of pipeline). http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Storage and Transport NG is moved by pipelines from fields to consumers. NG demand is greater in winter for heat – stored in underground storage systems Old oil and gas wells, caverns formed in old salt beds Can be cooled (-260 deg F) to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) LNG can be transported in tankers over the ocean http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Processing http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas Uses - HOME NG makes up 22% of fuel consumption in U.S. ~63% homes use for stoves, furnaces, water heaters, dryers, and other appliances. NG is raw material for: Paints, fertilizers, plastics, antifreeze, dyes, photographic film, medicines, explosives Propane – barbecue grills http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Non-Renewable Fuels – Natural Gas IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Uses – INDUSTRY Produce steel, glass, paper, clothing, brick, electricity, etc. U.S. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Answer the following in your notebook. IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 25 FEB 2014 DRILL Answer the following in your notebook. Name some differences and similarities between a Coal and a Natural Gas. QUIZ TOMORROW ON FOSSIL FUELS (Energy- Fuel Sources, Coal and Natural Gas) http://www.palaestra.com/sun.gif

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Oil IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Oil Sea plants and animals died, were buried on the ocean floor, covered by layers of silt and sand. 50-100 million years – remains buried deeper. Heat and pressure turned remains into oil and gas. http://www.worldofteaching.com/powerpointpresentations.html

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Crude Oil IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Copy notes Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum or Crude Oil Methods of Extraction Crude oil forms and floats toward the surface of earth’s crust – has a lower density than brine Oil wells release petroleum to the surface. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Methods of Extraction Oil Wells: Drill bit begins cutting into rock Drilling fluid (mixture of fluids, solids, chemicals) Cools the drill bit Removes cut rock (shows released oil when ready) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well http://www.columbia.edu/~ari2102/Drilling%20Overview/derrick.gif

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Methods of Extraction Oil Wells: Often, natural pressure is enough to raise oil through the well to the surface. If not, pumps: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well http://www.columbia.edu/~ari2102/Drilling%20Overview/derrick.gif

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Methods of Extraction http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Oilfields_California.jpg http://bbsnews.net/bbsn_images_2005_summer/oil_platform.jpg California, 1938

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Oil Reserves Oil reserves are estimated quantities of recoverable petroleum Limits to production (recovery): Technology – geology prevents getting there Economics – amount is not worth the cost http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Oil Reserves http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT http://www.ems.psu.edu/~radovic/oil_reserves97.gif

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Oil Reserves http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/naturalgas.html#HOWWEGETIT http://www.ems.psu.edu/~radovic/oil_reserves97.gif

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Oil Reserves http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2292/S278_1_017i.jpg

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Oil Barrels 1 Barrel = 42 Gallons Other nations use different units Oil is no longer transported in barrels – tankers and pipelines http://www.made-in-china.com/image/4f0j00oMyTqIlKHEctM/8000DWT-Product-Oil-Tanker.jpg http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/88/100488-004-D49E232F.jpg

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Refining Raw, unprocessed crude oil is mostly not useful Varies in color – from clear to tar-black Varies in viscosity – from water to almost-solid Crude oil is processed and refined into more usable forms – separated into parts Distillation – purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refining

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Refining Different components of crude have different boiling points. When a vapor cools to its boiling point, the vapor become a liquid again – like steamed water in a pot Process: Crude is boiled Highest boiling points condense first Lower boiling points condense last http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refining

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Refining http://img.alibaba.com/photo/12033517/Crude_Oil_Refinery_Products_.jpg

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Refining http://img.alibaba.com/photo/12033517/Crude_Oil_Refinery_Products_.jpg

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Oil Consumption Barrels per person per day http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:OilConsumptionpercapita.png

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-2 Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Uses Primarily used to achieve mobility Manufacture medicines, fertilizers, food, plastics, building materials, paints, cloth, and to generate electricity Physical structure and way of life of suburban communities

Bi-weekly Essay Assignments IOT POLY ENGINEERING 3-1 REVIEW Impacts Journals Bi-weekly Essay Assignments Due Dates Every other Monday between now and the end of the 3rd quarter, beginning next Monday. Follow online instructions carefully – some weeks require the completion of 2 articles. December 15th (next Monday) and January 5th are the first two due dates. Reminders in class are not likely.