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What Do You Think? Introducing Persuasion Chapter 9 • Persuasion When you use words to convince people to think or act in a certain way, you are using persuasion. Take a few minutes to list reasons that students should and should not be allowed to use cell phones in school. Consider these questions as you work on your list. What do students use their cell phones for in school? What useful purposes could cell phones serve in the classroom? How could cell phone use in school affect learning? Is having a cell phone in school a safety issue? Why? Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Choose and Narrow Your Topic Chapter 9 • Persuasion Choose and Narrow Your Topic Choosing a topic that is too broad results in writing that is general and unfocused. Use a graphic organizer like this one to narrow your topic. Write your general topic in the top box, and keep narrowing your topic as you move down the chart. Your last box should hold your narrowest or “smallest” topic, the new focus of your op-ed piece. My town Kids in my town The kids in my town need safe places to ride their bikes. The kids in my town need bike lanes alongside streets. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Plan Your Piece Chapter 9 • Persuasion You will use a graphic organizer like this one to state your thesis, organize your arguments, and identify details. When it is complete, you will be ready to write your first draft. Clear Thesis My town should build bike lanes alongside streets so that kids can ride safely. First Persuasive Argument Kids would get more exercise riding their bikes if there were more bike lanes. Supporting Evidence/ Details Second Persuasive Argument Kids would have fewer bike accidents if there were more bike lanes. Supporting Evidence/ Details Reader’s Counter-arguments Bike lanes make car lanes too narrow. Response to Counter-arguments Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.0

The Organization of a Persuasive Essay Chapter 9 • Persuasion The Organization of a Persuasive Essay Grab Your Reader Lead Clear thesis or position Build Your Case Persuasive arguments Logically organized supporting evidence Reader concerns and counter-arguments that are proven wrong or shown to be less important than your arguments Wrap It Up Restatement of position Memorable ending, such as a call to action Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Revising: Making It Better Chapter 9 • Persuasion Revising: Making It Better Now that you have finished your first draft, you are ready to revise. You can use your Revision RADaR as a guide for making changes to improve your draft. Remember—you can use the steps in Revision RADaR in any order. Revision RADaR Replace . . . Words that are not specific are overused Sentences that are unclear Add . . . New information Descriptive adjectives and adverbs Rhetorical or literary devices Delete . . . Unrelated ideas Sentences that sound good, but do not make sense Repeated words or phrases Unnecessary details Reorder . . . So most important points are last To make better sense or to flow better So details support main ideas Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Fine-Tune Your Draft Chapter 9 • Persuasion Use the revision suggestions to prepare your final draft after rethinking how well questions of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed. Ensure Precise Word Choice Say exactly what you mean. Use substitutes for words that are vague or imprecise to better describe and explain your points. Ensure the Use of Effective Transitions If necessary, add transition words and phrases such as finally, next, although, therefore, and as mentioned earlier, to signal to your readers how sentences and paragraphs are connected. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Editing: Making It Correct Chapter 9 • Persuasion Editing: Making It Correct When you edit your work, you polish your writing and correct any errors. Before editing your final draft, think about using a variety of sentence structures, including simple, compound, and complex sentences. Look at these sentences: Maiden Point Shelter is overflowing with cats and dogs. This sentence is a simple sentence because it has a single Main, or independent, clause. Every cage and kennel is filled to capacity, and heartrending meows and barks come from extra cages lining the hallways. This sentence is a compound sentence because it has more than one main clause. The shelter is at its most overcrowded since it was opened in 1993. This sentence is a complex sentence because it has a main clause and a subordinate, or dependent clause, which is since it was opened in 1993. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Grammar Mini-Lesson: Parallel Structures Chapter 9 • Persuasion Grammar Mini-Lesson: Parallel Structures Using parallel structures in a sentence means that equal ideas are expressed in words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of similar types. Tell whether each sentence is simple, compound, or complex. Then identify the parallel structures in each sentence. Write the answers in your journal. Marcella is athletic, musical, and artistic. One sister is interested in becoming a doctor, and the other is interested in becoming a lawyer. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

Publish Your Piece Chapter 9 • Persuasion Give your op-ed piece a chance to change someone’s mind— publish it! Use this chart to identify a way to publish your piece for the appropriate audience. Students or adults at school Reading it over the school public address system Posting your piece online and inviting responses People in your neighborhood or city Submitting it to your local television news Submitting it to your town newspaper Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.