Logistics Simedre Mirel-Adrian Dr inż. ZDZISŁAW PÓLKOWSKI University of Pitesti Dolnośląska Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Techniki w Polkowicach Logistics Simedre Mirel-Adrian Dr inż. ZDZISŁAW PÓLKOWSKI Polkowice, 2015

Definition of a Measurement system The measurement system can be defined as the all the components included from the interface to the physical property being measured, pressure, vibration etc, to the recorded data storage. This not only includes the physic The measurement system in its simplest form generates a human readable interface that can be used for simple monitoring. In this simple system any data must be recorded by the operator. The measurement system may include an electrical interface, allowing the data to be converted to some other format, or in some other location before it is presented to the operator. Data in this configuration is still recorded by the operator, but the additional level of complexity allows for a certain amount of pre-processing to be completedal devices, but the user as well. http://web.mst.edu/~cottrell/ME240/Resources/Measurement%20systems/Measurment%20systems.pdf

DEFINITION of Logistics The overall management of the way resources are obtained, stored and moved to the locations where they are required. Logistics management entails identifying potential suppliers and distributors; evaluating how accessible and effective they are and establishing relationships and signing contracts with the companies who offer the best combination of price and service. A company might also choose to handle its own logistics if it is cost-effective to do so. This term originated in a military context, referring to how personnel acquire, transport and store supplies and equipment. In the business community, the term refers to how resources are acquired, transported and stored along the supply chain. For example, in the oil and natural gas industry, logistics consists of the systems for gathering and transporting oil, including pipelines and trucks, along with storage and distribution facilities. By having an efficient supply chain and proper logistical procedures, a company can cut costs and increase efficiency. On the other hand, a company with poor logistics will fail to meet customers' expectations and see its business suffer. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/logistics.asp

Why Logistics is Important to Your Company Even small businesses deal with finding suppliers, if not with transporting merchandise to a store. Small business owners also conduct distribution logistics with inventory and warehousing. And, every small business owner can tell you about how they handle reverse logistics, with returned merchandise or refusal of services. Larger businesses may deal in all four logistic fields. In the business environment, logistics either have an internal or external focuses (inbound or outbound). Depending upon the business involved, this part of the chain can be simple or complicated. For more complicated procedures, third parties often are hired to conduct any one of the four fields within business logistics. The time constraint refers to the amount of time available to complete a project. The cost constraint refers to the budgeted amount available for the project. The scope constraint refers to what must be done to produce the project’s end result. http://logisticsdegree.net/2012/logistics-what-it-is-and-why-its-important-to-your-company/

Significance and origins of logistics Every day, we come in contact with logistics, either directly, e.g., when the parcel carrier rings the doorbell and delivers merchandise we ordered the day before, or indirectly, e.g., when we see the word “logistics,” “supply chain management Supply chain management ” or “contract logistics Contract logistics ” on a truck traveling down the highway. However, logistics is much more than parcel delivery or freight forwarding. A product also contains numerous logistics services by the time it reaches the consumer. For example, a company requires logistics support in production planning, material procurement, product assembly and delivery of the finished item. “Logistics must ensure that a recipient is supplied from a point of origin in accordance with his requirements with the correct product (in quantity and variety), in the right condition, at the right time and in the right place at minimum cost.” (Pfohl, H.-Chr., 2004) https://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/origin/defintion.jsp

Commonly used LEAN and LOGISTICS terms and practices include 3PL Third party logistics provider; a 3PL is a firm that provides outsourced or third-party logistics services to companies for some portion of their supply chain. 4PL Fourth party logistics provider; a 3PL that is non-asset-based 5S Workplace organization systems; stands for separating, sorting, setting in order (or cleaning), standardizing, and sustaining. 5 Whys This method, which involves five iterations of question-asking, is used to determine the root cause of a defect or problem; five iterations are usually sufficient. genchi genbutsu In Japanese, the term means: “Go and see for yourself"; one must see the problem to know the problem. Hansei This term, which translates as “relentless reflection,” is a core idea in Japanese culture; it means to acknowledge one’s mistake and to pledge improvement. http://www.transfreight.com/Lean_Logistics_Overview/Lean_Terms.aspx

PDCA An improvement cycle containing plan, do, check, and act steps. LTL Less Than Truckload (multiple suppliers shipping to multiple customers). Muda The term, which means “waste” in Japanese, can involve overproduction, waiting, conveyance, processing, inventory, motion, and / or correction. Nemawashi In Japanese, it means “going around the roots.” It is preliminary work with other areas within an organization to seek input, information, and / or support for a proposal or change that would affect them. PDCA An improvement cycle containing plan, do, check, and act steps. poka-yoke The Japanese word means “mistake-proofing” by applying low cost, reliable devices used in the jidoka system; it stops processes to prevent the production of defective parts. pull system A system of manufacturing in which production processes draw output from preceding processes. standardized work The result of organized and defined worker movement, outlining efficient, safe work methods. http://www.transfreight.com/Lean_Logistics_Overview/Lean_Terms.aspx

Logistics trends and challenges Today, logistics plays a key role in the economy, and the market volume of logistics has already reached a substantial level in many economies as a result. Companies that are successful worldwide have long recognized the critical role logistics plays in creating added value. In addition, a close focus on the customer is a critical factor for companies working together in a supply chain. In the years ahead, the significance of global logistics markets will continue to increase in response to economic and social conditions. The topic of megatrends has now gained a prominent place on the business agenda, and this development will have a further impact on logistics. These megatrends include increasing globalization, a development that is related to the internationalization of procurement, production and sales as well as the evolution from a manufacturing-based society to a service society. Other aspects include shortened product life cycles and growing environmental concerns. https://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/origin/defintion.jsp

Logistics management The tasks and processes carried out by logistics systems require an efficient organizational structure and the management of all logistics activities. Just like other areas of a company, numerous planning and monitoring techniques are available to support logistics management. Suitable methods and instruments exist for strategic logistics planning, supply chain management, management of international logistics chains as well as logistics controlling. Particularly for logistics service providers, the strategic planning of logistics networks is a decisive factor for success. https://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/origin/defintion.jsp

Logistics management definition Logistics management is the governance of supply chain functions. Logistics management activities typically include inbound and outbound transportation management, fleet management, warehousing, materials handling, order fulfillment, logistics network design, inventory management, supply/demand planning, and management of third party logistics services providers. To varying degrees, the logistics function also includes customer service, sourcing and procurement, production planning and scheduling, packaging and assembly. Logistics management is part of all levels of planning and execution -- strategic, operational and tactical. It is an integrating function, which coordinates all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions including marketing, sales manufacturing, finance, and information technology. http://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/logistics-management

Innovative technologies in logistics New technologies are often the cornerstone for logistics innovations. In intralogistics, for instance, a shift from central management of material flows to decentralization and modularization in conveyor technology is taking place. As part of this change, standardized mechanical elements that can be freely combined with one another draw on their own individual power supplies.  A mutual relationship exists between developments in identification and communications technology (I/C Technology) and logistics. On one hand, logistics is one of the most important commercial areas of application. With its growing needs, it acts as a catalyst for advances in IT. On the other hand, new technological opportunities form the basis for new concepts in logistics. In this context, logistics advances include barcodes and RFID technology (Radio frequency identification). https://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/origin/defintion.jsp

Thanks to this technology, real-time Real time information can be stored and transmitted using the RFID tags on pallets Pallet, containers and parcels to efficiently manage flows of goods. In addition, logisticians envision scenarios in which intelligent logistics objects find their own way through the material flow, managing and organizing the flow of goods by themselves in the process. The integration of various applications into software systems offers logistics further opportunities to optimize the processes of global trade. For instance, internal warehouse management systems and IT systems such as track & trace systems Tracking & tracing often are components of modern logistics. Electronic platforms are also becoming increasingly important. More and more shipping agents, freight forwarders and service providers are turning to the Internet in order to gain an additional way to offer their services. Moreover, innovative measures for the protection of the environment, e.g. delivery trucks featuring hybrid technology or special parcels for CO2-neutral shipments, play an increasingly important role. https://www.dhl-discoverlogistics.com/cms/en/course/origin/defintion.jsp