Artifacts: Chan Chan, Tiwanaku, & Huaca de la Luna Grade 8 C.Kemnitz

Geography All of the sites are located in the Pacific coast in South America Chan Chan Tiwanaku Huaca de la Luna Located in the Peru, five km west of Trujillo Located in Peru, 8 km South the modern city of Trujillo, near the mouth of the Moche River valley. located near the southern shores of Lake Titicaca on the Altiplano, at an altitude of 3,850 m.

Geography South America Trujillo Huaca de la Luna Chan Chan Tiwanaku -Moche -Chimú -Tiwanaku South America Highlighted areas- land controlled by each group Dots- location of sites

Site: Huaca de la Luna Built by the Moche Part of The Huacas de del Sol y de la Luna (Temple of the Sun and Moon) located 8 km south the modern city of Trujillo, near the mouth of the Moche River valley, northern coast of Peru Huaca de la Luna was occupied between about 500 and 800 AD, and its construction includes three large platform mounds with adjacent plazas 70 bodies were found buried around the base of the site Adult males between the ages of 15 and 39; their bones exhibited evidence of unusually strong musculature and both old (healed) fractures and recent ones. The exterior walls of the platforms are covered with the remnants of mural paintings and sculptured reliefs 70 bodies were found buried around the base of the site Adult males between the ages of 15 and 39; their bones exhibited evidence of unusually strong musculature and both old (healed) fractures and recent ones. The warriors had been killed either by having their throats slit or by skull fracture; several had been dismembered. Fifty-two unfired portrait pots were found within the bone deposit, each portraying a captive individual. This deposit of bones and pots is considered strong evidence that the Warrior Narrative (and in particular the Sacrifice Ceremony, seen in mural paintings and fine line ceramic decorations, were not just legends but illustrated real ritual events in the life of the Moche. The exterior walls of the platforms are covered with the remnants of mural paintings and sculptured reliefs primarily of lines of warriors carrying shields and war clubs. Geometric designs decorate some of the walls in a checkerboard fashion, and a striking image of a two-headed serpent or a snarling stylized feline is rendered in several locations.

Site: Huaca de la Luna "Huaca de la Luna"; "Ceremonial Plaza", South Side Of "North Facade" Area. http://trabajorj.blogspot.com/2009/04/trujillo-y-el-turismo.html

Moche Ceramic Style Color-used slips, solid color/unpainted (black/green) Commonly painted red/orange on white Painted 3 vertical stripes Patterns Triangles I\I\I\I\  or  I/I/I/I Portrait sculptures Common animals Deer, Llamas, Felines

Ceramics Found at: Huaca de la Luna

Ceramics: Huaca de la Luna ceramic, goyette stirrup bottle huaco portrait sculpture, stirrup spout bottle huaco sculptural portraits of turbaned with geometric designs and face

Ceramics: Huaca de la Luna ceramic stirrup spout bottle anthropormorphic character with supernatural features

Ceramics: Huaca de la Luna stirrup spout bottle sculpture depicting mountians

Ceramics: Huaca de la Luna ceramic, stirrup spout bottle scupture depicting an owl

Huaca de la Luna-Artifacts pitcher anthropomorphic sculture representing characher with supernatural features

Site: Chan Chan Chan Chan was the capital of the Chimú kingdom (AD 850-1470) located on the north coast of Peru. Chan Chan's heyday was between AD 1200 and 1470, when it was conquered by the Inca Chan Chan includes an area of 2.5 square miles Included some 10 enclosed palace complexes, 35 intermediate or elite residential compounds, and thousands of small rooms. Population-Unknown

Site: Chan Chan

Chimú Ceramic Style Color monochromatic (Black/polished) green unpolished Texture Bumpy (“gooseflesh”) Vessel shapes Whistle bottle “beehive” shape Monkey figure hugging spouts Patterns Waves/water Common themes people/anthropomorphic creatures Fruit Animals Fish, Llama, Birds, Monkeys Double spouts

Ceramics Found at: Chan Chan

Ceramics: Chan Chan stiurrp spout bottle depicting furits monkeys on handle

Ceramics: Chan Chan stirrup spout bottle sculptures representing animal fox and monkey Monkey hugging handle (circled)

Ceramics: Chan Chan double body handle bridge bottle

Ceramics: Chan Chan ceramic stirrup spout bottle representing animal cat standing on the trunk, monkey hugging handle Monkey hugging handle (circled)

Ceramics: Chan Chan stirrup spout bottle sculpture depicting seated figure with headdress Monkey hugging handle (circled)

Similarities: Moche & Chimú Ceramic Styles Material- terra cotta Sitting figure statues Stirrup spout handles Sculpted animals Use of molds Head vessels Different Moche- painted Chimú- sculpted Plate/bowl shape Double handle Feline figure Moche had more feline figures Headdresses Moche more variety Themes War/battle Picture: Stirrup Spout

Tiwanaku (Tiahuanco) The capital site of the Tiwanaku Tiwanaku began as a small settlement around 1200 BCE At its height it covered an area of about 1.5-2 sq miles Extensive monumental stone architecture Distinctive iconographic styles in stone and ceramics Akapana The most imposing monument at Tiwanaku Large terraced pyramid built out of stone Gate of the Sun one of the most important specimens of the art of Tiwanaku. It was made from a single slab of andesite cut to form a large doorway with niches on either side. Above the doorway is an elaborate bas-relief frieze depicting a central deity, standing on a stepped platform, wearing an elaborate head-dress, and holding a staff in each hand. T The ensemble has been interpreted as an agricultural calendar. Gate of the Sun-the deity is flanked by rows of anthropomorphic birds and along the bottom of the panel there is a series of human faces.

Tiwanaku: Akapana http://peru.travelguia.net/piramide-de-akapana.html http://www.laprensa.com.bo/noticias/10-8-2010/noticias/10-08-2010_2192.php

Tiwanaku: Gate of the Sun http://www.jacekphoto.com/bolivia/bolivia3.htm http://www.world-mysteries.com/mpl_PumaPunku.htm http://www.archeophotography.com/historic.htm http://ponce.sdsu.edu/tours_tiwanaku.html http://www.travelblog.org/South-America/Bolivia/La-Paz-Department/Tiwanaku/blog-429035.html

Tiwanaku Ceramic Style a common vessel style- a kero  motifs varied but there was also standardization in the usage of slips and colors, Mainly decorated with geometric motifs and feline heads and stylized condor. Used molds Paint-fine lines made with a common orange paste with a temper used to achieve durability during and after firing. Depending on the color, vessels may have been painted before or after firing, and decorated with common motifs or design Often vessels were only slipped prior to firing and then painted and decorated, allowing bright colors and intricate detailing Tiwanauku corporate style changed throughout the culture’s different phases.

Tiwanaku: Ceramic Shapes

Ceramics Found at: Tiwanaku

Ceramics: Tiwanaku KERO-polychrome pottery kero complete vessel beaker Peabody Museum

Ceramics: Tiwanaku ceramic complete vessel beaker Peabody Museum

Ceramics: Tiwanaku ceramic bowl flat bottom flared sides black on red chipped ceramic complete vessel bowl Peabody Museum

Ceramics: Tiwanaku cup ornamented round ceramic complete vessel jar Peabody Museum

Ceramics: Tiwanaku jar ornamented extra large ceramic Peabody Museum