History of American Education Dan Driscoll

History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe Southern Colonies  Soil > agricultural economy > landed aristocrats  Very English in attitude and manners  Anglican Church influential  Population patterns sparse, scattered, isolated  Churches, religion not cohesive force

History of American Education Colonial Societies o The Middle Colonies  Quaker tolerance attracted others, particularly Germans  Also British shipmasters, craftsmen, traders, merchants  Philadelphia > center of commerce, passed Boston, NY  Dutch influence NY > center of finance, trade and law

History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe Middle Colonies  Maryland Catholic enclave, particularly eastern shore  Dutch, Swedes, Germans isolated from one another, English  English overwhelmed all others in numbers, influence

History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe New England Colonies  Soil, winters limit farms; mountains force coastal settlements  Forests, harbors, fish > shipbuilding, fishing industries  Region small, compact; 1/8 size south; same population 1700  2/3 population New England colonies > Massachusetts

History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe New England Colonies  Township form of government dominant, unique  Protestant influence enormous  Reformation > John Calvin > England: Puritans, Scotland: Presbyterians, France: Huguenots, Holland: Dutch Reformed

History of American Education Colonial Societies oThe New England Colonies  Unwelcome in Catholic Europe; Puritans considered Anglicans true, but corrupt  Puritans > evangelicals > sought “Bible Commonwealth”  Puritans > man inherently evil  Puritan society intolerant, suppressed dissent  Religion in New England colonies pervasive

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe Southern Colonies  Dispersed population inhibited school growth  Education private, individual matter; parents’ job  Tutors common among landed gentry; charity schools by religions, philanthropies  Private schools grow slowly

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe Southern Colonies  Sought Renaissance, English education > culture, classics, histories, law, music, science, medicine  First “free school” in VA 1635, endowed by Symmes; another 1659 by Eaton > merged 1805 > Hampton  College of William and Mary 1693; first Phi Beta Kappa Society 1776; Jefferson, Marshall, Monroe students

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe Middle Colonies  Diversity inhibited schooling; little social cohesion  Each religion > parish school; followed sectarian lines  In PA, Quakers, Germans > practical training  Religious instruction all, skill or trade for those ^ 12 y/o

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe Middle Colonies  Dutch in NY followed southern pattern > European model, Holland’s Dutch Reformed teachings  Dutch resisted English influence  Anglicans less education emphasis, despite Kings College (Columbia)  Diverse cultures, two dominant languages slowed NY schooling

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe New England Colonies  Two types primary schools: Dame schools and reading, writing schools for poor; Latin grammar schools for sons of elites  Dame schools English; first schooling for boys, often only for girls; parent fees; homes of widows, unmarried women  Reading, writing schools in larger communities; more reading than writing > religious instruction, The Bible

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe New England Colonies  Puritan influence > harsh schooling > punishments severe  All teaching revolved around Puritan interpretation of Bible  Boston Latin School (1635), under public control, partially supported by public funds  Other Latin grammar schools followed in small, compact New England settlements

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe New England Colonies  Modeled on English Latin schools; stressed classics, religion  Latin schools pathway to Harvard (1636), first colonial college  Harvard > training for Puritan clergy  Massachusetts Acts of 1642, 1647 > civic influence on ed

History of American Education Colonial Education oThe New England Colonies  1642 > first ed law in colonies > literacy checks on children; parental responsibility, not schools  1647 > “Old Deluder Satan” Act > schools for religion; 50 households > one teacher; 100 households > Latin grammar for Harvard  “Old Deluder Satan” Act basis for public schools in MA  Puritan leaders >schooling for religion; no interest in schooling for democracy > worst form of politics

History of American Education American Ed’s 1 st Moment – The Past oBritish Hegemony  18th c. > spread of English political, military economic might worldwide  Consolidated power, influence North America, elsewhere > setting stage for Britain’s Age of Empire  Emerging commercial superpower > like Greece, Rome center of global trade, commerce  Economic expansion, commercial interests protected by shot and sword > England’s “wooden wall” – The Royal Navy

History of American Education American Ed’s 1 st Moment – The Past oBritish Hegemony  Global hegemony: Trafalgar (1805), Waterloo (1815) > #1 superpower for next 100 years  Consolidated British Isles into Great Britain > bloody, brutal affair > none more than Scots  1707 Act of Union brought Scotland under England > Scots unhappy as “Northern Britons”  England crushed dissent in Scotland

History of American Education American Ed’s 1 st Moment – The Past oBritish Hegemony  Scottish Diaspora > 3-million left; many, maybe half, to America  Not largest immigrant group; perhaps most educated  Like Puritans, Scot influence in colony, early Republic vastly outweighed their numbers  Scot influence on early education unequaled

History of American Education Assignments oReadings:  Urban & Wagoner Text: Chaps. 1 & 2 oWritten:  Complete Family Educational History Paper