The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War” “Crash Course” (1754 – 1763) Seven Years WarSeven Years War The Birth of American Resistance to British rule Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with allies Green: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies

France’s Empire -French areas of colonization -St. Lawrence River Valley, -Quebec, - Great Lakes, -Louisiana -Interest in trading not colonizing -better relationship with Indians -English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley

France’s Empire -Indians resist and ally with French -Old rivalry with Britain -multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

French and Indian War -Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French Washington lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace -The French and Indian allies won many early battles Battle of Fort Duquesne - Victory at Quebec finally gave the British control of the region turning point of the conflict Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War.

back Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755

French and Indian War -Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union 7 colonies debate forming central government “Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1 st political cartoon Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians Plan rejected over issue of taxation Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain

French and Indian War Treaty of Paris of 1763 France lost all lands in America Britain gains Canada; French settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.

Problems after the War War left British govt. in huge debt Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers conflicts were becoming costly for Britain Proclamation of 1763 stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns. Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians Ended Period of Salutary Neglect

Opposing Views of British and Americans ► British views  Low opinion of colonial military effort ► Poorly trained ► “Disorderly rabble”  Colonies didn’t do their fair share ► Some colonies refused to contribute troops or money for war effort  Proclamation of 1763 was necessary ► Protection of colonial empire ► Inability to pay for troops to protect settlers ► Forced colonists to pay for protection in frontier ► American views  Proud of military contributions ► Gained confidence they could defend themselves  Unimpressed with British troops or leadership ► “Old” methods of warfare were outdated and not suited for densely wooded terrain ► Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilities  Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of representative government ► Americans had fought and died for right to settle in west ► American defiance set tone for revolutionary resistence

HOMEWORK: 1. Complete “Albany Plan of Union” DBQ Activity 2. View YouTube video “The French and Indian War Changes the Fate of America” – link posted on wiki page – complete video viewing guide“The French and Indian War Changes the Fate of America” 3. Complete “Immediate Causes of the Revolutionary War” chart in manual

What if the administration of Butler High School decided the new “electronic device” policy would be revoked, and from now on there would be no cell phone use between classes or at lunch? How would you feel? Describe how this is similar to how the relationship between Great Britain and the American colonies changed from 1607 to 1776? Complete p. 30 – “Immediate Causes of the American Revolution”

British Actions that created tension in the colonies: Salutary Neglect ends ► Sugar Act (1764) – The Gaspee ► Stamp Act (1765) ► Quartering Act (1765) ► Declaratory Act (1766) ► Townshend Acts (1767) ► Boston Massacre (1770) ► Tea Act (1773) ► Coercive Acts – “Intolerable Acts” (1774) ► Quebec Act (1774)

1. Proclamation of Sugar Act (1764) 3. Stamp Act (1765) 4. Townshend Acts (1767) 5. Boston Massacre (1770) 6. Tea Act (1773) 7. Coercive Acts / “Intolerable Acts” (1774) A. Bostonians boarded ships and destroyed cargo B. Defied British law by moving west anyway C. Colonies called a Continental Congress in Philadelphia D. Non-importation agreements; wearing homespuns; cries of “no taxation without representation” E. Increased colonial smuggling and led to destruction of hated British customs ship, Gaspee F. Renewed cries of “no taxation without representation” and renewed efforts to boycott British goods G. Fueled resentment of British troops and inspired intense propaganda campaign

How did the colonists RE-ACT? ► Create a chart that describes the BRITISH ACTION on one side and the COLONIAL REACTION on the other. ► In the bottom panel create a graphic illustration that accurately and thoroughly depicts the situation

The American Revolution? ► Was it a Revolution?  Was George Washington any different than George III? ► If Yes, When? How?  A Revolution of the MIND! ► From subjects of a king, to subjects of themselves ► From Tories to Whigs ► “republicans” not “democrats”  Gradual and Reluctant  A Civil War (33% / 33% / 33%) ► “The Reluctant Revolutionaries”

Crash Course: Tea, Taxes, and the American Revolution ► ► Liberty! The Reluctant Revolutionaries Liberty! The Reluctant Revolutionaries ► ► Liberty! Blows Must Decide Liberty! Blows Must Decide ► ► Liberty! These Are the Times That Try Men’s Souls Liberty! These Are the Times That Try Men’s Souls

Tensions Build -British heavily in debt because of warBritish heavily in debt because of war -standing British Army in the colonies -Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products -smugglers avoid paying taxes

Tensions Build -Writs of Assistance -Sugar Act affected merchants and traders -protests began against taxation without representation James Otis

Stamp Act -Parliament passes Stamp Act -placed a direct tax on the colonists -required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards -affected many colonists rich and poor -Quartering Act, 1765

Stamp Act -Parliament passes Stamp Act -placed a direct tax on the colonists -required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards -affected many colonists rich and poor -Quartering Act, 1765

Resistance -Sons of Liberty Boston Samuel Adams John Adams -no taxation w/o representation -protests and boycotts were organized -stamp agents were harassed -law eventually repealed

Resistance -Sons of Liberty Boston Samuel Adams John Adams -no taxation w/o representation -protests and boycotts were organized -stamp agents were harassed -law eventually repealed

Resistance -Sons of Liberty Boston Samuel Adams John Adams -no taxation w/o representation -protests and boycotts were organized -stamp agents were harassed -law eventually repealed

Townshend Acts -new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint -colonists again reacted with protests -British reacted by sending more troops

Boston Massacre -March protests by colonists -British troops fire on crowd -5 colonists killed Crispus Attucks -Most soldiers found not guilty John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

DBQ – Albany Plan for Union ► pp AMSCO Exam Prep book ► Read the three provided documents and answer the “Analyzing The Documents” Questions 1-3 ► For #3, instead of writing an essay:  Write a thesis statement agreeing or disagreeing with the statement provided  Identify at least one reason from each of the 3 documents that support your thesis. back

The Road to Revolution Game