How do Wetlands Factor into New Infiltration Policies?

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Presentation transcript:

How do Wetlands Factor into New Infiltration Policies? Todd Hubmer, PE

Wetland Conservation in the News

Wetland Benefits Habitat – Plants & Animals Water Quality – Filter & Clean Runoff Groundwater Recharge – Hold & Infiltrate Runoff Flood Protection – Store Water during Snow/Rain Events

Wetland Types Groundwater Dependant FENS Streams Marshes Bogs

Wetland Types Surface Water Dependant Vernal Pools Marshes Flood Plain Fringe

Do Current Trends in Watershed Management Anticipate Impacts to Wetlands?

Current Policies Require stormwater runoff to be treated before discharge Trends for water quality treatment are focused on runoff volume reduction Volume reduction through infiltration, water reuse, rainwater harvesting, etc.

Current Policies Require onsite retention of stormwater runoff in the amount of: 0.5” Runoff over impervious 1.0” Rainfall from impervious 1.1” Runoff over impervious 2.8” Rainfall (two-year storm) from contributing drainage area No provisions for looking at downstream water budget impacts

Water Budget Watershed Runoff Contributions: Land Use (Impervious %) Annual Runoff Volume (acre-feet/acre) Agricultural (0%) 0.32 Residential (50%) 0.59 Commercial (70%) 1.31 Fully Developed (100%) 1.82

How do the policies affect the water budget in a watershed? 0.5” Runoff 1.0” Rainfall 1.1” Runoff 2.8” Rainfall

Water Budget Annual Volume Reduction (%): Land Use (Impervious %) 0.5” Runoff 1.0” Rainfall 1.1” 2.8” Residential (50%) 55.5% 67.3% 77.9% 97.0% Commercial (70%) 67.0% 80.5% 87.9% 98.0% Fully Developed (100%) 69.0% 81.7% 88.2% 97.9%

Water Budget Remaining Runoff After Implementing Volume Reduction Policies (acre-feet/acre): Land Use (Impervious %) No Controls 0.5” Runoff 1.0” Rainfall 1.1” 2.8” Residential (50%) 0.59 0.26 0.19 0.13 0.02 Commercial (70%) 1.31 0.43 0.16 0.03 Fully Developed (100%) 1.82 0.56 0.33 0.21 0.04

0.73 – 36.5 acre-feet/acre/year Water Budget Wetland Water Losses: Evaporation: (3 feet/year) 3.0 acre-feet/acre/year Total: 3.73 – 39.5 acre-feet/acre/year Infiltration: (0.001 – 0.05 in/hr) 0.73 – 36.5 acre-feet/acre/year

Water Budget To support 1 acre of wetland, how many acres of tributary area is required? Land Use (Impervious %) No Controls 0.5” Runoff 1.0” Rainfall 1.1” 2.8” Residential (50%) 6.3 14.3 19.4 28.7 211.5 Commercial (70%) 2.8 8.6 14.6 23.5 141.9 Fully Developed (100%) 2.1 6.6 11.2 17.4 97.7 0.001 in/hr infiltration

Water Budget To support 1 acre of wetland, how many acres of tributary area is required? Land Use (Impervious %) No Controls 0.5” Runoff 1.0” Rainfall 1.1” 2.8” Residential (50%) 67.2 151.0 205.4 304.0 2239.2 Commercial (70%) 30.1 91.1 154.2 248.4 1503.0 Fully Developed (100%) 21.7 70.1 118.7 184.1 1034.6 0.05 in/hr infiltration

Case Study Drainage Area: 42 acres Pre-development runoff (Ag.) 13.4 af Post-development runoff (50% Imp.) 0.5” Runoff: 11.0 af 1.0” Rainfall: 8.0 af 1.1” Runoff: 5.5 af 2.8” Rainfall: 0.8 af

Case Study Drainage Area: 42 acres Pre-development runoff (Ag.) 13.4 af Post-development runoff (100% Imp.) 0.5” Runoff: 23.5 af 1.0” Rainfall: 13.8 af 1.1” Runoff: 8.8 af 2.8” Rainfall: 1.7 af

Benefits of Volume Reduction Using Infiltration Mimics natural water cycle Recharges groundwater Contributes clean base flow to nearby streams Provides pollutant removal Can be a cost effective way to treat stormwater May be constructed underground to maximize useable space onsite Can incorporate native vegetation and trees Mitigates temperature impacts

Loss of hydrology to downstream lakes and wetlands Concerns about Volume Reduction Using Infiltration May contaminate groundwater or soil Potential for failure due to siltation and clogging over time Cannot be used in soils with low permeability Cost increases in areas with soils having low infiltration rates May increase local subsurface water elevations (basement flooding) Loss of hydrology to downstream lakes and wetlands

Wetland Benefits ?? ?? ?? Habitat – Plants & Animals Water Quality – Filter & Clean Runoff Groundwater Recharge – Hold & Infiltrate Runoff Flood Protection – Store Water during Snow/Rain Events ?? ?? ????

Do current volume reduction policies have the potential to undermine our efforts to protect Minnesota’s wetlands?