Short-term intervention, long-term change: Two case studies from the University of Toronto Tyler Hunt, MA Project Coordinator, Sustainability Office University of Toronto Thanks and acknowledgements to: Elah Feder, non-presenting author Beth Savan, Director, Sustainability Office Zannah Matson, Graduate, University of Toronto Photo purchased from iStock

over 250 buildings on three campuses the U of T community: 65,000 students 10,000 staff 6,000 faculty The University of Toronto: A city within a city

Director, Beth Savan 2 Sustainability Coordinators 2.5 Project Coordinators 25+ students/year (coursework, volunteer, part-time work) The Sustainability Office

As a result… Funding, staffing and student hours limit – Campaign duration – Campaign scope therefore, selecting the best strategies is critical to create enduring change

Case study 1: Fume Hoods

Fume hoods use incredible amounts of energy >+ + Fume hoods exhaust large volumes of air Exhausted air must be replaced with fresh supply air Supply air must be heated/cooled Less exhaust  less supply air  less energy to condition supply air

Case Study 1: VAV Fume Hoods Goal: Minimize air flow through fume hoods, while maintaining or improving safety Encourage fume hood users to position sashes 1)as low as possible when not in use 2)at safe working height when in use

Case Study 1: Fume Hoods 1) Awareness raising presentation website visual prompts 2) Competition ‘Sash Patrol’ stamps prizes

Case Study: Fume Hoods Results

Case Study: Lessons Learned program endurance use of commitments ‘ownership’ of the campaign (discussion vs. lecture) competition Staats, H., Harland, P. and Wilke, H. (2004), “Effecting durable change a team approach to improve environmental behavior in the household”, Environment and Behavior, Vol. 36 No. 3: Dwyer, W.O., Leeming, F.C., Cobern, M.K., Porter, B.E. and Jackson, J.M. (1993), “Critical review of behavioural interventions to preserve environment: research since 1980”, Environmental Behavior, Vol. 25 No. 3: Bachman and Katzev, 1982; Pardini and Katzev, ; Katzev and Pardini, ; Katzev and Johnson, 1984; Katzev and Johnson, 1983 Gneezy, U. and Rustichini, A. (2000), “Pay enough or don't pay at all” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 115 No. 3: Lepper, M.R., Greene, D. and Nisbett, R.E. (1973), “Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic rewards: a test of the ‘overjustification’ hypothesis” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 28 No. 1: Gardner & Stern. Environmental Problems and Human Behaviours. Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon, Inc., 1996

Case study 2: Printer Defaults in Libraries started with a challenge… first pilot positive results

Case study 2: Printer Defaults in Libraries expansion to Central Libraries information & awareness (site specific)

Case study 2: Results of Uptake Proportion of jobs double-sided

Sheets of Paper Saved In Libraries Sheets actually used since initiatives started (up until June 2011) 1,823,789 Sheets that would be been used without increase in double-siding 2,745,694 SHEETS SAVED SINCE INITIATIVES STARTED 921,905 (A PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF) 34% PREDICTED ANNUAL SAVINGS ( based on calculated 756,421 percentage reduction)

Defaults did lead to incredible results, however… – opportunities to default – cost of technological change – intrinsic motivations present? Lessons Learned

importance of evaluation consideration of tools (i.e. competition) technological and behavioural opportunities are unique for each project Concluding thoughts

Tyler Hunt, MA Project Coordinator University of Toronto Sustainability Office facebook.com/sustainableUofT twitter.com/sustainableUofT sustainableUofT.tumblr.com