Chapters 13 & 14 Discrimination Sexual Harrassment Talbot Kellogg Community College Criminal Psychology

Prejudice v. Discrimination Prejudice – Prejudice – unjustified evaluative reaction to a member of a group that results from the recipient’s membership in that group. unjustified evaluative reaction to a member of a group that results from the recipient’s membership in that group. Discrimination – Discrimination – An overt, observable action, that accepts or rejects another based on his or her membership in a particular group. An overt, observable action, that accepts or rejects another based on his or her membership in a particular group. Racism – Discrimination or Prejudice? Racism – Discrimination or Prejudice? A subset of attitudes within the domain of prejudice. A subset of attitudes within the domain of prejudice.

Questions Can we have prejudice without discrimination? Can we have discrimination without prejudice? Does racism still exist? Subtle racism/ Modern racism Who is most likely to notice it?

Where is discrimination? Race Ethnicity Religion National Origin Gender Age (particularly older adults) Disabilities

Psychology’s Role Conceptual Analysis – Definitions Conceptual Analysis – Definitions Methodology – Statistical Analysis Methodology – Statistical Analysis The detection of subtle racism and sexism. The detection of subtle racism and sexism. Research on programs such as affirmative action policies. Research on programs such as affirmative action policies.

Hate crimes Definition: Words or actions intended to harm or intimidate an individual because of his or her membership in a minority group; they may include violent assaults, murder, rape, or property crimes motivated by prejudice, as well as threats of violence or acts of intimidation. Definition: Words or actions intended to harm or intimidate an individual because of his or her membership in a minority group; they may include violent assaults, murder, rape, or property crimes motivated by prejudice, as well as threats of violence or acts of intimidation. FBI – reports approximately 8,000 reported hate crimes during FBI – reports approximately 8,000 reported hate crimes during – 8, – 8, – 9, – 9,160 Why might these numbers be inaccurate? Why might these numbers be inaccurate?

Sexual Harrassment Any unwelcome, sex based interaction, including verbal interaction, at work or at school, that renders harm to the recipient. Any unwelcome, sex based interaction, including verbal interaction, at work or at school, that renders harm to the recipient. Problem? Problem? 1. One out of seven female faculty at U.S. colleges and universities report S.H. (1994). 2. More than 40% of female govt. workers and 19% of the men said that they have been targets of S.H. (1994). 3. In general workplace surveys, 40 – 60% of women say that they have been sexually harrassed % of female graduate students report having been exposed to some form of S.H. by male faculty members % of women lawyers (Slade, 1994) % of female physicians reported S.H.

What might affect the reporting of S.H.? Male S.H. ? Confusion surrounding the terms. Same gender S.H. Over reporting Underreporting The use of summary judgments (civil cases).

Conceptualizing Sexual Harrassment Gruber’s Typology Verbal requests Verbal comments Nonverbal displays Fitzgerald’s Typology (students and professors) Gender harassment Seductive behavior Sexual bribery Threat of punishment or use of coercion Sexual imposition or gross sexual advances 2 Types as defined by the courts Quid Pro Quo (something for something) Hostile work environment

When do these become SH? Psychological Injury. Reasonable person standard.

Psychology’s Role Developing theories for causes and attributions to sexual harassment. Distinguishing between female and male victims. Measuring beliefs. Predicting outcomes of complaints. Restructuring the workplace.