A Clash of Cultures Supporters of the new morality in the 1920s clashed with those who supported more traditional values. Section 3

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A Clash of Values Why did the modern culture of the 1920s cause some people to think that traditional society and morality were under attack? Chapter Intro 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) The following elements played a role in the new morality as personified by the flapper: Freudian psychology the automobile women in the workforce fashion women in college Women Earning College Degrees Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) Challenging traditional ways of behaving, the new morality glorified youth and personal freedom and changed American society. Having won the right to vote in 1920, many women sought to break free of the traditional roles and behaviors that were expected of them. Attitudes toward marriage changed considerably. Women Earning College Degrees Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) Many professional women made major contributions in science, medicine, law, and literature in the 1920s. Public health nurse Margaret Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921 to promote knowledge about birth control. Women Earning College Degrees Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) Others feared that the country was losing its traditional values to this “new morality.” Many of these people, especially in rural towns, responded by joining a religious movement known as Fundamentalism. Fundamentalists believed that the Bible was literally true and without error. In particular, they rejected Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Instead, they believed in creationism. Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) Scoopes Monkey Trial In 1925, Tennessee outlawed any teaching that denied “the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible,” or taught that “man descended from a lower order of animals.” The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) advertised for a teacher willing to be arrested for teaching evolution. Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) John T. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100. The conviction was later overturned on a technicality. People supported the prohibition of alcohol sales for many reasons—some for religious reasons; others thought it would reduce unemployment, domestic violence, and poverty. Murder Rate, 1920–1940 Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) Prohibition supporters achieved their goal when the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified in January of 1920. Congress passed the Volstead Act, making the U.S. Treasury Department responsible for enforcing Prohibition. Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) The Treasury Department struggled to enforce Prohibition. People flocked to speakeasies. Bootlegging was common in rural areas. Organized crime, led by people such as Al Capone, thrived on the illegal trade of alcohol. Section 3

A Clash of Cultures (cont.) The Twenty-first Amendment, ratified in 1933, repealed the Eighteenth Amendment and ended Prohibition. Section 3

Nativism Resurges Nativism and racism increased in the 1920s and led to changes in immigration laws. Section 3

Nativism Resurges (cont.) The fear and prejudice that many felt toward Germans and communists during and after World War I expanded to include all immigrants. This triggered a general rise in racism and nativism. Many Americans reacted to the bombings, strikes, and recession of the postwar years by blaming immigrants. European Immigration, 1900–1924 Section 3

Nativism Resurges (cont.) The controversial Sacco-Vanzetti case reflected the prejudices and fears of the era. After two men robbed and murdered two employees of a shoe factory, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were arrested. The newspapers revealed that the two men were anarchists. The murder evidence was questionable, but the two men were executed. European Immigration, 1900–1924 Section 3

Nativism Resurges (cont.) William J. Simmons founded the new Ku Klux Klan in Georgia, in 1915. The Klan began to decline in the late 1920s, however, as a result of scandals and power struggles between its leaders. American immigration policies changed in response to the postwar recession and nativist pleas to “Keep America American.” Section 3

Nativism Resurges (cont.) In 1924, the National Origins Act made immigration restriction a permanent policy. Quota system : only 2% of a national group population as of the 1890 census could migrate each year. Mexican immigrants were able to fill the need for cheap labor because the National Origins Act of 1924 exempted natives of the Western Hemisphere from the quota system. Section 3

Section 5-End

Causes of Prosperity Business Innovation and Technology Mass production creates a wide range of consumer goods sold at low prices. Technology such as autos, airplanes, and radio leads to new industries and economic growth. Business pays high wages. VS 1

Causes of Prosperity New Consumer Society People have more disposable income and leisure time Credit is more readily available Mass advertising begins VS 1

A Changing Society Cultural Changes A new youth culture with a “new morality” develops. Young people and women gain more independence. The working class enjoys more leisure time. New mass media in radio, movies, and sports develops. VS 2

A Changing Society Changes for African Americans Harlem Renaissance begins. Literature reveals racial pride and contempt of racism. Jazz and blues are popularized. Great Migration during the war creates strong African American voting blocs in Northern cities. First African American from the North is elected to Congress. NAACP battles segregation and discrimination. VS 2

A Changing Society Opposition to Change Nativists and a new Ku Klux Klan target immigrants, Catholics, Jews, and African Americans. Government imposes new quotas on immigration. Fundamentalists push for traditional values. Prohibition is implemented. VS 2

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mass production  the production of large quantities of goods using machinery and often an assembly line Vocab6

assembly line  a production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her Vocab7

Model T  automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927 Vocab8

welfare capitalism  system in which companies enable employees to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive benefits such as medical care common in the 1920s Vocab9

open shop a workplace where workers are not required to join a union Vocab10

disposable  referring to the money remaining to an individual after deduction of taxes Vocab11

credit  an amount or sum of money placed at a person’s disposal by a bank on condition that it will be repaid with interest Vocab12

nativism  hostility toward immigrants Vocab13

anarchist person who believes that there should be no government Vocab14

evolution  the scientific theory that humans and other forms of life have evolved over time Vocab15

creationism  the belief that God created the world and everything in it, usually in the way described in the book of Genesis Vocab16

speakeasy  a place where alcoholic beverages are sold illegally Vocab17

bohemian  a person (as an artist or a writer) leading an unconventional lifestyle Vocab20

mass media  a medium of communication (as in television and radio) intended to reach a wide audience Vocab21

jazz  American style of music that developed from ragtime and blues and that uses syncopated rhythms and melodies Vocab24

blues  style of music evolving from African American spirituals and noted for its melancholy sound and themes Vocab25

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