BIOENERGETICS The role of ATP

I. BIOENERGETICS: the study of energy flow/energy transformations in ecosystems Energy transformation: a process in which living things change energy from one form to another light energy to chemical energy photosynthesis cellular respiration

II. The Role of ATP ATP is a compound central to the processing of energy by the cell Millions of chemical reactions are carried out continuously in the body’s cells some consume energy, others release energy

A reaction that consumes energy takes lower-energy reactants and changes them to higher-energy products. Some reactions do the opposite and form lower-energy products, releasing some of the chemical energy stored in the reactants. These two types of reactions can be paired to work together and the energy released by one is used by the other.

B. ATP is an energy-releasing reaction ATP = adenosine triphosphate A molecule of ATP includes 3 phosphate groups When a phosphate group is removed, energy is released! The released energy powers reactions essential to life such as: active transport of molecules and ions maintaining cell volume synthesis of RNA and DNA synthesis of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids breaking down complex molecules

C. Cellular Energy ATP is composed of adenine (a nitrogenous base), ribose (a 5-carbon sugar), and three phosphates (PO43−) ATP is the compound cells use to store energy When a cell needs to use energy, it breaks the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups to release energy. Breaking off one phosphate  ADP; breaking off two phosphates  AMP.

D. ATP Formation ADP and phosphate can be combined to form ATP by dehydration synthesis

E. ATP Hydrolysis ATP Animation ATP is hydrolyzed to form ADP and a phosphate group, releasing energy ATP is continuously broken down and re-formed in living cells

Catabolism and Anabolism In your own words, explain the picture above showing catabolism and anabolism. Define catabolism and anabolism in your description. Explain how ATP is continuously broken down and reformed. This could be an excellent essay question on a quiz or test!