Revision Tutorial Integrated Science 2B: Water Report Writing Task Exam Hints Report Writing Task Exam Hints

Report writing ReportEssay Presents informationPresents an argument Table of contents and numbered pages No contents page Uses numbered headings and subheadings Minimal subheadings if any Uses short concise paragraphs and dot points where applicable Links ideas into cohesive paragraphs, rather than breaking down into dot points Graphics used (illustrations, tables, graphs) No illustrations References required

Report Format  Title Page  Contents  Report information  Headings and subheadings  Graphics titled  Dot points where relevant  Bibliography  Title Page  Contents  Report information  Headings and subheadings  Graphics titled  Dot points where relevant  Bibliography

Marks  Use note taking sheets with headings drawn from the task sheet  Check the marking guide  Complete all aspects  Use the report format described  Add titles to graphics  Reference correctly at least 2 more sources; 1 online and 1 using text/book  Hand in notes, report, bibliography  Use note taking sheets with headings drawn from the task sheet  Check the marking guide  Complete all aspects  Use the report format described  Add titles to graphics  Reference correctly at least 2 more sources; 1 online and 1 using text/book  Hand in notes, report, bibliography

Exam hints  Semester 2 only - Water topic  water importance & properties  aquatic ecosystems  water resources & sustainability  experimental design  Semester 2 only - Water topic  water importance & properties  aquatic ecosystems  water resources & sustainability  experimental design

Exam format  2 Hour paper  Multiple choice  Short Answer (6 questions)  Extended Answer (2 parts with an environmental problem and experimental design component)  2 Hour paper  Multiple choice  Short Answer (6 questions)  Extended Answer (2 parts with an environmental problem and experimental design component)

properties  Covalent bonding  Hydrogen bonding  Polarity  Soluble, insoluble, immiscible  Cohesive  Adhesive  Capillary action  Covalent bonding  Hydrogen bonding  Polarity  Soluble, insoluble, immiscible  Cohesive  Adhesive  Capillary action  Surface tension  Density  Salinity

ecosystems  Osmosis  Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic  Osmoconformer and osmoregulator  Eutrophication  Bioaccumulation  Non biodegradable  Biomass  Osmosis  Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic  Osmoconformer and osmoregulator  Eutrophication  Bioaccumulation  Non biodegradable  Biomass  Food pyramids and webs  Turbidity  Photosynthesis  Respiration  Plankton  Trophic

water resources & treatment  Sedimentation  Aeration  Coagulation  Flocculation alum  Disinfection  B.O.D  Reverse osmosis  Sedimentation  Aeration  Coagulation  Flocculation alum  Disinfection  B.O.D  Reverse osmosis  Distillation  Deionisation

 Skills  Graphing (LUST)  Calculations solution concentrations  Explaining scientific concepts  Skills  Graphing (LUST)  Calculations solution concentrations  Explaining scientific concepts

Experimental design  Independent Variable : manipulated variable being investigated. It is changed in the experimental setup  Dependent Variable : responds to the changes made to the independent variable  Controlled Variables : specify (quantitate) all variables being controlled to prevent an effect  Hypothesis : states how the dependent variable will change in response to the independent variable  Independent Variable : manipulated variable being investigated. It is changed in the experimental setup  Dependent Variable : responds to the changes made to the independent variable  Controlled Variables : specify (quantitate) all variables being controlled to prevent an effect  Hypothesis : states how the dependent variable will change in response to the independent variable

Design an experiment…  Write a method which states specifically how to conduct the experiment.  The method describes what to change, what to measure and record for results and how to control all other variables.  You will not get sufficient marks if you just list the different types of variables. This is a planning tool for you to write the method.  Write a method which states specifically how to conduct the experiment.  The method describes what to change, what to measure and record for results and how to control all other variables.  You will not get sufficient marks if you just list the different types of variables. This is a planning tool for you to write the method.

EXAMPLE  Design an experiment to investigate if diameter affects capillary action…

method 1.Add 1cm of coloured water at room temperature to a petri dish. 2.Hold a hollow glass tube with a 1mm diameter in the water and measure the maximum height the water level reaches inside the tube. Record the measurement. 3.Conduct 2 more trials with the 1mm tube 4.Repeat the steps 2 and 3 with tubes of diameter 2mm and 5mm. 1.Add 1cm of coloured water at room temperature to a petri dish. 2.Hold a hollow glass tube with a 1mm diameter in the water and measure the maximum height the water level reaches inside the tube. Record the measurement. 3.Conduct 2 more trials with the 1mm tube 4.Repeat the steps 2 and 3 with tubes of diameter 2mm and 5mm.

diagram Petri dish 1cm coloured water Glass tubing

expected results  Height of the water inside the tube decreases as the tube gets larger Tube diameterMaximum height of water (mm) Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3Average 1mm 2mm 5mm

Eutrophication  Excess nutrients (phosphates and nitrates)  Sources  Fertilisers in runoff  Detergents  Sewage  Organic matter  Promote plant growth, especially algae  Increased population of algae  Excess nutrients (phosphates and nitrates)  Sources  Fertilisers in runoff  Detergents  Sewage  Organic matter  Promote plant growth, especially algae  Increased population of algae

… …  Large numbers of dead algae  Dead organisms are broken down by bacteria  Increase in bacterial population - excess food source  Bacteria need to respire, therefore require oxygen  Large numbers of dead algae  Dead organisms are broken down by bacteria  Increase in bacterial population - excess food source  Bacteria need to respire, therefore require oxygen

… …  Lots of bacteria, lots of respiration, lots of oxygen used, oxygen obtained from the water  Decrease in dissolved oxygen content of water  Fish kills due to chocking of waterway (chocking = removal of oxygen)  Lots of bacteria, lots of respiration, lots of oxygen used, oxygen obtained from the water  Decrease in dissolved oxygen content of water  Fish kills due to chocking of waterway (chocking = removal of oxygen)

 What causes the reduction in dissolved oxygen in eutrophication?

Bioaccumulation  Higher trophic levels can accumulate heavy metals, insecticides and pesticides … why does this occur?

… …  Compounds are not biodegradable  They do not breakdown but are retained in the organisms body  Higher trophic level organisms consume many of the organisms below them  In doing so they retain all of the non- biodegradable material within that organism and it builds up  Compounds are not biodegradable  They do not breakdown but are retained in the organisms body  Higher trophic level organisms consume many of the organisms below them  In doing so they retain all of the non- biodegradable material within that organism and it builds up

Exam Preparation  Review syllabus (unit handout)  Review classwork and seek additional information (internet)  Write study notes, prepare summaries, concept maps, flash cards  Memorize relevant material  Practice questions  Review syllabus (unit handout)  Review classwork and seek additional information (internet)  Write study notes, prepare summaries, concept maps, flash cards  Memorize relevant material  Practice questions