206AR-WEEK 11&12&13 URBAN PLANNING: SAFE CITIES VOCABULARY & READING & LISTENING

KEY WORDS PREVIEW CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Metropolitan(adj): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Definition : relating or belonging to a very large city Synonyms: cosmopolitan, city Antonym: country Ex: A metropolitan area of South Australia is the heart of commerce.

rural(adj): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Definition : happening in or relating to the countryside, not the city. Synonyms : outland,farm, provincial Antonym : urban Ex: Many people living in rural areas have lower incomes and fewer job opportunities than those in cities.

suburban(adj ): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Word Formation: Suburb(n) Definition : related to a suburb, or in a suburb Synonyms : country, rural Antonym : cosmopolitan, metropolitan,urban Ex: Don’t you get bored living out here in a suburban street?

urban(adj): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Definition : relating to towns and cities Synonyms : central, metropolitan Antonyms: country, rural Ex: Rapid urban growth has had a negative effect on birds and animals. Ex: The origin of the strawberries in the market is Mexico, since they were grown there.

citizen(n): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Word Formation : citizenry(n) Definition : Someone who lives in a particular town, country, or state Synonyms : resident, native Antonyms: Foreigner, alien Ex: We need our schools to teach our students to be good citizens.

inhabitant(n): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Definition : one of the people who live in a particular place Synonyms : citizen, native Ex: İ stanbul is the city of six million inhabitants.

resident(n): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Word Formation : residence(n) Definition : Someone who lives or stays in a particular place Synonyms : inhabitant, citizen Ex: The breast cancer rate in Costa county is estimated at new cases per residents each year.

surround(v): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Word Formation : surrounding(adj), surrounded(adj) Definition : extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle Synonyms : circle, border Antonym : release Ex: The forest surrounds my property Ex: I’m surrounded by buildings in a fairyland and I see people wearing masks all over the city.

individual(n): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Word Formation : individualism(n) Definition : considered separately from other people or things in the same group. Synonyms : single, particular Antonym : common, general Ex: Each individual leaf on the tree is different.

environment(n): CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Word Formation : environmental(adj) Definition : The people and things that are around you in your life, for example the buildings you use, the people you live or work with, and the general situation you are in. Synonyms : surroundings, territory Ex: Darwin’s theory linked living things to their physical environment in a new way.

PREVIEWING THE ACADEMIC CONTENT PREVIEW CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

 More than half the world’s people live in large cities, forming a growing urban population.  Almost all future population growth is expected to occur in these urban areas.  With large numbers of people living closely together, personal safety is a concern.  In the cities we know best, there are places where we feel safe and places where we fear for our safety. How can urban planners reduce, modify,or eliminate unsafe areas?

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT  Label the illustrations with the key words. Two of the adjectives apply to one of the illustrations.  Compare your answers with a classmate’s.  Answers: suburban, urban / metropolitan, rural 1.

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT  Look at the table on the next page.  It compares the rates at which victims experience property and violent crime in urban, suburban, and rural areas of the United States.  This rate is called victimization rate.  What can you say about the victimization rates in urban, suburban, and rural areas? 2.

2. Suggested Answers:  Victimization rates are going down in almost all areas; urban, suburban, and rural.  The exception is violent crime rates in rural and suburban areas of the U.S., which show a slight increase.  Property crimes are highest in suburban areas and lowest in rural areas; violent crime rates are highest in urban areas and lowest in rural areas. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3.  Work in small groups.  Discuss the questions and share your ideas with the class. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3.  Why do you think crime rates are higher in urban areas?  Crime rates are higher in urban areas because there are more people in urban areas; there is more crowding and poverty. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3.  Think of areas in your city where you feel unsafe. What are some specific reasons why you don’t feel safe?  the areas are too crowded, too empty, too open, too enclosed, too narrow, too dark, etc. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3.  What kind of things might urban planners do to help lower crime rates?  To help lower crime rates, urban planners might create spaces that can handle the number of people who will use them so that crowds of people don’t get too tightly packed together (from housing to stadiums to parks); provide enough lighting; provide a mix of uses so that there are “eyes on the street.” CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

PREVIEWING THE ACADEMIC SKILLS FOCUS PREVIEW CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

 The main ideas is the writer or speaker’s most important idea or point.  A detail is a single fact or piece of information that supports a larger idea.  A detail might be an example, explanation, elaboration, reason, solution, opinion, or exception. Main Ideas and Supporting Details

CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT  When reading, use these strategies to find the main idea of a text.  Read the title, headings and subheadings if there are any.  Find the topic sentence of a paragraph or the thesis statement of an essay.  Read the first and last sentences of each paragraph.  Look for repeated key words and synonyms of key words. Main Idea and Supporting Details

KEY WORDS BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

controversial (adj): Word Formation: Controversy (n): Definition: causing disagreement or discussion among people with opposing opinions. Synonyms: : arguable, debatable, disputable (open to argument or debate) Antonyms: noncontroversial, uncontroversial (not likely to arouse controversy) Ex: The issue of death penalty is highly controversial. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

foster (v): Definition: to encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings Synonyms: further, nurture Ex-1:I’m trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children. Ex-2: She fosters creativity among the pre-school children by providing a variety of activities. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

internship (n): Definition: An internship is a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment. 2) a period of time spent doing a job as part of becoming qualified to do it Ex: He served his internship at Garfield Hospital. Ex: Jane has a summer internship at a local TV station. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

pedestrian (n): Definition: a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go Ex: A few pedestrians carrying their evening shopping sheltered from the rain in doorways. 2) The death rate for pedestrians hit by cars is unacceptably high. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

insight (n): Definition: When you have an insight, you have a feeling or emotion or thought that helps you to know something essential about a person or thing. / the ability to have understanding of a complicated problem or situation. Collocation: gain insight Synonym: sixth sense Ex: It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

prevailing (adj): Definition: most frequent or common. Something that is most common can be described as prevailing. Synonym: dominant Ex: The prevailing attitude toward children at this school is one of optimism. Ex: The prevailing themes of Gothic fiction are horror, terror, supernatural events and romance. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

prevention (n): Definition: the act of preventing / when you stop something from happening or stop someone from doing something Word Formation: prevent(v) Collocation: crime prevention Ex: The organization is committed to AIDS prevention and education. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

property (n): Definition: What you own or have, like a car or clothes, is your property. 2). The qualities that a thing has are its properties. Ex: The club does not accept responsibility for loss of or damage to club members' personal property Ex: One of the properties of copper is that it conducts heat and electricity very well. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

public housing (adj+n): Definition: houses or apartments owned by the government for which the rent is lower than homes that are privately owned Ex: Life has become dissatisfactory for most people living in public housing. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

slum (n): Definition: a very poor and crowded area, especially of a city / a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions Ex: In Victorian age, the middle class or aristocracy lived in urbanized parts of the city whereas the working class had to live in city slums where the living conditions were very poor. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

sprinkle(v): Word Formation: sprinkled(adj) Definition: scatter with liquid; wet lightly; rain gently; distribute loosely Ex: Pizzerias are sprinkled across the town, as are Korean restaurants. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

subtle (adj): Definitions: 1. small but important / 2. Subtle is used for things that are hard to describe because of their complexity or delicacy: a way of thinking, arguing, or creating a work of art. Ex: There is a subtle difference between these two plans Ex: Subtle details are what make all the difference. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

tenant (n): Definition: a person who pays rent for the use of land or a building Ex: If you play your music loud and let the cat pee in the corner, your landlord will not think that you're a very good tenant, and probably won't renew your lease. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

volatile (adj): Definition: likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly or suddenly become violent or angry Synonyms: changeable, changeful, inconstant Ex: Food and fuel prices are very volatile in a war situation. Ex: The situation was made more volatile by the fact that people had been drinking a lot of alcohol. Ex: He had a rather volatile temper and can't have been easy to live with. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

BEFORE YOU READ BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Work in groups of three and write your names at the top of the columns.  Read the questions in the first column and write your answers in your own column.  Then take brief notes as you listen to your partner’s answers. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3.  Collocations are words that are frequently used together.  Form collocations by matching the words in the blue box with the words in the exercise.  Use the indicated parts of speech to help.  Some words in the blue box appear in more than one collocation.  Confirm your answers with the class.  Then write one sentence for each collocation and share your sentences in small groups. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3. Possible Answers:  1. provide  2. project  3. area  4. area  5. busy / thriving  6. urban  7. prevailing  8. internship CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

GLOBAL READING BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

Finding the Main Idea When Reading Quickly: Skimming  When you skim a text, you read it strategically to understand its general meaning or main idea.  Here are some strategies you can use to skim a reading.  Notice that some of these strategies were listed on page 4. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

 Read the title, headings, and subheadings of a text.  Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph.  Look at captions, diagrams, and illustrations.  Keep your eyes moving consistently over the page.  Don’t use a dictionary.  Don’t spend time reading the details. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT Finding the Main Idea When Reading Quickly: Skimming

1. Skim paragraphs 1-6 of the text “From Eyes on the Street to Safe Cities” to find the main idea. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2. Circle the choice that best represents the main idea of paragraphs1-6 a) Jacobs wrote a book called The Death and Life of Great American Cities. b) Jacobs examined the relationship between safety and urban planning. c) Jacobs felt that including businesses in public housing projects would improve safety. Possible Answer: b CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

4. Circle the choice that best represents the main idea of paragraphs a. The CPTED movement was built on Jacobs’s views of urban planning to encourage urban safety. b. The CPTED movement misinterpreted Jacobs’s views of how to achieve urban safety c. The Dufferin mall is an example of a CPTED project. Possible Answer: b CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

FOCUSED READING BUILDING ACADEMIC READING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

SCANNING  Scanning is reading strategically to find the answers to specific questions.  It can be especially valuable when you need to answer a set of questions in a short amount of time  Here are some strategies to scan readings for answer: CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

SCANNING A) Find a key word in the question and search for the key word, or a synonym of it, in the text. B) Look for capitalized letters if you are looking for an answer to a where or who question. C) Read quotes. Authors usually quote only the most important information from another author. D) Look for numbers for answering numerical question. E) Read the first and last sentences of each paragraph to find the paragraph in which you will find the answer. F) Look for key transition words such as in contrast, however, and therefore. These indicate that a new point of view will be introduced. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Read the questions.  Then scan the text on pages 6 to 8 and write answers to the questions.  Write the letter of the strategy you used to find the answer and a brief description of the strategy. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 1. Jane Jacobs wrote The Death and Life of Great American Cities.  Strategy: B  Look for capitalized letters to answer a “who” question. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 2. According to Jacobs, the key to a successful city was that people must feel personally safe and secure on the street among strangers. Fear of crime makes people stay off the streets, which makes the streets even more unsafe.  Strategy: C  Read quotes. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 3. Jacobs recommended that stores, bars, and restaurants be spread along the street so that people would be on the streets at all times. She also recommended bright lighting. She thought that parks should encourage a range of activities and users. In public housing, she recommended bringing stores and workshops into buildings, encouraging people to invest in their communities, and hiring women tenants to be elevator attendants.  Strategy: E  Look for the first and last sentences in a paragraph to see if the answer is contained in that paragraph. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 4. Jacobs felt that public housing could be very dangerous.  Strategy: A  Look for synonyms of key words used in questions. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 5. The CPTED movement was created in the 1970s.  Strategy:  B—Look for capitalized letters and acronyms or  D—Look for numbers. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 6. The movement used fences, buzzers, gates, and barriers to create territories, reduce vandalism, and keep people out.  Strategy:  B—Look for capital letters and acronyms or  E—Look at the first and last sentences in a paragraph to see if the answer is likely contained in that paragraph. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 7. Dufferin Mall in Toronto is an example of Jacobs’s urban design ideals. It has a youth theater, sports organizations, youth internships, teen services, a teen drop-in center, and a clothing exchange. The diversity of activities has reduced crime rates.  Strategy: F  Look for key words shopping mall and transition words in contrast 8. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. Possible Answers: 8. Jacobs’s views are respected. She is considered an expert. She was a visionary and her viewpoint is still valuable today.  Strategy: E  Look at the first and last sentences in a paragraph to see if the answer is likely contained in that paragraph. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

KEY WORDS BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

countryside (n): Definition: the area outside cities and towns Ex: Istanbul is so crowded because of people moving from countryside. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

boulevard (n): Definition: a wide, main street Ex: Champs Èlysèesis a famous boulevard in Paris. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

grid (n): Definition: a pattern of straight lines that cross, used to organize streets Ex: The city's streets form a grid. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

impoverished (adj): Definition: very poor Ex: Kkasımpaşa is an impoverished part of Istanbul. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

industry (n): Definition: business that provides goods or services Ex: The tourism industry in Bulgaria increased by 18 % in 2003, the highest figure in Europe. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

radical (adj): Definition: extreme, very different Ex: Hitler and Mussolini were radical nationalists. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

monument (n): Definition: a building or other large structure that is built to remind people of an important event or famous person Ex: The Statue of Liberty is a famous monument in New York. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

vehicle (n): Definition: something such as a car, bus, etc. that is used for carrying people or things from one place to another Ex: In the future we will not use gasoline for vehicles such as cars. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

vertical (adj): Definition: pointing straight up and down in a line and forming an angle of 90 degrees with the ground or with another straight line Ex: Vertical stripes make you look slimmer. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

population (n): Definition: the number of people living in a particular area, country, etc. Ex: The population of Istanbul is almost 14 million. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

BEFORE YOU LISTEN BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Read the paragraph about urban criticism. 1. What is the main idea?  Cities were overcrowded, unhealthy places to live from CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Read the paragraph about urban criticism. 2. What were urban critics concerned about?  Overcrowding, short life expectancy, poor health of city residents, lack of sanitation, substandard housing, access to alcohol, high death rates, low birth rates, lack of religious or moral center, ugliness, vice, crime, and revolt CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Read the paragraph about urban criticism. 3. What are possible solutions?  Reduce number of people who live so closely together (reduce population density)  Move people into suburbs  Improve health conditions by improving waste systems and water quality  Improve housing quality (possibly through regulation)  Make cities more attractive (beautification) CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2. Answer the questions in 2 mins. 1. Life in modern cities. 2. Early cities (1820–1940) were dirty and dangerous. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

GLOBAL LISTENING BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Read the questions.  Listen to the introduction.  Answer the questions in Exercise 1. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1. 1. Urban planners developed new visions for “modern” cities because cities were very dirty and the people who lived in cities were very sick and impoverished. 2. Urban planners wanted to change this situation. 3. The professor will probably talk about visions of the modern city in the rest of the lecture. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Before you listen to the entire lecture, review the chart on page 12.  What are you going to listen for?  the visions of three urban designers.  Now, listen to the lecture. Do exercise 2. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

3.  Review the chart and complete the exercise. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

FOCUSED LISTENING BUILDING ACADEMIC LISTENING SKILLS CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

1.  Listen to the introduction to the lecture again.  Did you hear the professor use any of the expressions in the box?  The professor uses therefore to link the twentieth century city planners’ reaction to the conditions that prevailed in cities at the time.  Look at the first powerpoint slide. You can see the main points on the left and details on the right. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Listen to the whole lecture and complete all the slides.  Compare your notes with your partner in 4 minutes.  Listen to the lecture again and complete the missing information. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 2 Details about the Garden City: 1. Spread city residents out over the countryside 2. Schools, housing, and cultural activities each have their own separate places 3. Garden or public park in the middle of the city 4. Population limited to 32, Examples are Stockholm and Vancouver CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 2 Problem: 1. Once the town is built, it is not easy to make changes. 2. This model wouldn’t account for growth or any kind of change. 3. Large suburban areas are empty during the day and open to crime. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 3 Details about the Radiant City: 1. Composed of skyscrapers set in parks 2. High density population: crowded buildings in wide open parks 3. Wide highways for cars and underground streets for heavyvehicles 4. Examples are Toronto, Hong Kong, and São Paulo CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 3 Problem: 1. Streets are not pedestrian friendly. 2. The model gave rise to a “car culture.” 3. It separated the functions of the city, creating unsafe city zones. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 4 Details about the City Beautiful: 1. The model cleared away city slums and rebuilt the city center 2. A central boulevard creates a grand impression 3. Streets are gently curved, not arranged on a grid 4. Residential areas are in suburbs 5. Examples are Brasilia, Paris, and Lisbon CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 4 Problem: 1. People are not drawn into the downtown core. 2. Central boulevards often do not become busy city centers. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT

2.  Details and Problems about Each Ideal City Slide 5 More Details: 1. These models all separated housing from business, industry, and cultural activities. 2. Certain city areas are empty at certain times of the day, creating opportunities for crime. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT