Energy-Efficient Retrofits for Houses 11 Oakwood - 2009 Presentation to CHBA Canadian Renovator’s Council Banff, Alberta Feb 24, 2011

Study Goals Create Fact Sheets to show owners and builders energy retrofits that: reduce heating energy by 10% and 25% are durable are affordable are good practice don’t damage the environment comply with Code

Outline of presentation What does the study do? looks at 4 ‘typical’ Canadian houses looks at 6 cities in different climatic regions uses Hot2000 to model two scales of retrofit: 10% less heating energy 25% less heating energy shows detailed drawings of each retrofit estimates extra cost of energy features fact sheet for each house type ‘Now House’ (before) - 2007

4 Typical House Types Similar construction Quality improves as time progresses House forms present a variety of construction challenges

4 Typical House Types Different construction periods: Victory House 98 m2 (1050 ft2) with 60 m2 (650 ft2) bsm’t built 1949 – 1960 Raised Bungalow 170 m2 (1830 ft2) built 1960 – 1967 Two-storey 165 m2 (1775 ft2) with 83 m2 (895 ft2) bsm’t built 1977 – 1983 Semi-detached or Row 160 m2 (1750 ft2) built after1945

6 Cities Different construction for each base case house type: Air changes per hour RSI values Windows Proposed Base-case construction for the Victory House (1949 – 1960)* ACPH50 Wall RSI Ceiling RSI Basement RSI Windows Yellowknife 8.0 2.04 3.28 0.93 DG wood Vancouver 11.4 1.65 3.60 0.96 SG wood Winnipeg 4.7 1.66 4.50 1.22 Toronto 7.9 1.72 3.83 0.85 Montreal 8.8 1.86 3.94 1.15 Halifax 7.5 1.85 3.51 *NRCan survey data

6 Cities Different performance for each period of construction: Air changes per hour decrease RSI values increase Window RSI values increase Proposed Base-case construction for Semi-detached (post -1949 construction) ACPH50 Wall RSI Ceiling RSI Basement RSI Windows Yellowknife 7.4 2.04 7.69 1.4 DG wood Vancouver 6.7 2.20 5.61 1.29 SG wood Winnipeg 4.2 1.69 3.90 1.06 Toronto 7.6 1.76 3.77 1.23 Montreal 9.1 1.96 3.95 Halifax 5.8 2.55 5.22 1.26 *NRCan survey data

Hot2000 Energy Modeling How does each retrofit option affect the amount of energy needed to heat the house? Which retrofits are most energy effective? What are optimal R-values? (diminishing returns)

Hot2000 Energy Modeling Results of individual retrofit measures (as a percentage of reduction from base case) Airtight only Airtight + R10 ceiling Airtight + R20 ceiling Airtight + R10 walls Airtight + R15 walls Airtight + R10 b/g Airtight +R15 b/g Airtight + R10/15 walls/clg Airtight + R18/20 walls/clg Airtight + windows Victory House Halifax 8.1 10.1 11.1 17 18.9 16 17.3 26.9 31.1 27.1 Montreal 9.4 11 11.9 17.8 19.5 16.2 17.4 26.2 30 28.6 Toronto 9.8 10.7 19.7 16.1 27.5 31.6 27.2 Winnipeg 3.7 5.4 6.3 16.4 18.8 11.4 12.7 25.8 30.4 Vancouver 8.4 18.2 20.1 15.7 31.3 23.9 Yellowknife 12.9 15.6 21.4 23.3 21 22.3 32.2 36.8 20.5 Raised Bungalow 7 9.1 10.2 16.7 10.3 10.8 22.1 8.9 11.6 19.3 12.2 12.6 22.5 25.7 30.7 8.6 9.6 17.1 19.2 10 10.5 21.7 25.3 3 4.8 5.9 6.7 7.2 22.8 11.5 13.4 14.7 20.9 23.2 13.8 29.7 20.8 Two-storey 9.7 10.4 16.6 18.5 20.6 33.6 11.7 16.9 13.3 34.1 8.7 18.1 20.3 11.2 11.8 21.6 24.9 33.5 4.1 5.2 15.4 17.9 7.4 8.2 19.8 23.8 13.6 11.3 19.6 21.5 13.7 14.4 27 31.5 16.8 17.5 25.5 Duplex 7.1 8.8 17.7 10.9 12.4 20.2 22.4 23.7 27.8 29.3 7.3 19.9 23.1 26.5 30.3 3.1 5.8 22.7 5.7 6.1 28.4 5.5 6.8 17.6 7.7 8 18.4 27.4 12.3 24.6 27.3 30.8 Shading legend <10% reduction 10-25% reduction > 25% reduction

10% less heating energy Small renovations with big effects on energy use: Air sealing Adding minor insulation to: roof/attic above-grade walls basement Roof Insulation Basement Insulation

25% less heating energy Large renovations with big effects on energy use: Air sealing Adding major insulation to: attic above-grade walls basement walls basement slab Replacing windows with high performance windows Wall Insulation

Details 10% less heating energy: Alternatives: Air seal Add insulation to roof/attic Add insulation to basement wall Add insulation to above-grade wall Alternatives: Insulate inside Insulate outside Above-grade Wall Basement Wall

Details 25% less heating energy: Alternatives: Air seal Add insulation in attic Add insulation in basement Add insulation to above-grade wall Add insulation to slab Replace windows with high-performance windows Alternatives: Insulate inside Insulate outside Exposed Floor Above-grade wall

$ Costs Cost-effective retrofits: Air seal Add insulation to attic/roof Add insulation in basement Add insulation to above-grade wall Add insulation to slab Replace windows with high-performance windows $ Remove roof framing Extend dormer to wall $ Increasing cost Sealed polyethylene A/B Finished room

$ Costs Cost-effective retrofits: $ Retrofit Approx. Cost Improve airtightness of Victory house or half-duplex $1,500 Improve airtightness of 2-storey or raised bungalow $2,000 Install new polyolefin sheathing membrane $2.15/m2 ($0.20/ft2) Install 50mm (2”) new extruded polystyrene $12.90/m2 ($1.20/ft2) Remove and replace drywall (incl. mud, sanding, paint) $16.15/m2 ($1.50/ft2) Install 75mm (3”) new extruded polystyrene $19.40/m2 ($1.80/ft2) 75mm (3”) blown-in cellulose or spray-applied polyurethane foam $32.30/m2 ($3.00/ft2) 150mm (6”) blown-in cellulose or spray-applied polyurethane foam $53.80/m2 ($5.00/ft2) $ $ Increasing cost

Costs Simple Payback method is difficult to sell to a client Retrofit Approx. Cost Simple Payback* (years) Interior retrofit for10% less heating energy $3,000 (Victory) - $6,000 (2-storey) 10 (Yellowknife) - 40 (Vancouver) Exterior retrofit for 10% less heating energy $3,600 (Victory) - $7,200 (2-storey) 12 -50 Interior retrofit for25% less heating energy $10,000 (Victory) - $30,000 (2-storey) 20 (Yellowknife) - 100 (Vancouver) Exterior retrofit for25% less heating energy $11,000 (Victory) - $33,000 (2-storey) 22 -100+ Replace windows with Energy Star windows $3,000 (Victory), $4,500 (semi), $5,000 (2-storey) 20 (Victory-Montreal) - 80 (semi- Winnipeg) Incremental cost of retrofit divided by savings in energy = Simple payback (years) Retrofit costs look better when they’re added to a mortgage

Fact Sheets 2 fact sheets per house type (10%, 25% less energy) include: Building envelope issues likely to be encountered Cost-effective renovations to save energy Construction details Sustainable building practices Check list of construction tasks Approximate costs for each city Other energy-saving improvements Useful references ‘Victory House’ - 1949 ‘Now House’ (after) - 2009

Questions? Thank you!