Commissioning for High Performance Commissioning for High Performance Ken Meline, Principal Command Commissioning, LLC

Topics Overview of Commissioning Sustainable & High Performance Buildings Commissioning for High Performance Recent trends in Commissioning

Typical Design / Construction Communication Process 3

Definitions of Commissioning My definition: “It’s the Owner’s QA/QC process.” Official definition*: “Systematic process of assuring by verification and documentation, from the design phase to a minimum of one year after construction, that all facility systems perform interactively in accordance with the owner’s operational needs, including preparation of operation personnel.” * Official definition of Total Building Commissioning established by the National Conference on Building Commissioning

Types of Commissioning ® Registered trademark of Texas A&M Energy Systems Laboratory Type of Cx Previously Cx’d? Performance Monitoring Req’d? Functional Testing Req’d? Re-CxYesNoYes Retro-CxNo Yes CC®Yes/NoYesNo Monitoring-Based CxYes/NoYesNo New Building Commissioning ‒Process Commissioning ‒Technical Commissioning Existing Building Commissioning ‒Re-Commissioning ‒Retro-Commissioning ‒Continuous Commissioning® ‒Ongoing Commissioning ‒Monitoring-Based Commissioning

Why do we recommend Commissioning? Building Owner’s QA/QC process Helps meet sustainability / high performance building goals Enhances reliability of complex systems Ensures comfortable, healthy environments for tenants and employees Facilitates efficient system operations yielding energy savings

What are the motivating factors for end users? LEED points Reliability (Data Centers, Hospitals, Labs) Improved Comfort Reduced Energy Consumption / Incentives Mandates (Codes and Ordinances)

Measureable Benefits of Cx Owners can achieve savings in operations of $4.00 over the first years of occupancy 5 as a direct result of every invested in commissioning* $1.00 * Data from Whole Building Design Guide – a program of National Institute of Building Sciences ( )

Commissioned buildings utilize less energy than non-commissioned buildings* In many cases, this savings alone may more than pay for the entire commissioning process. Measureable Benefits of Cx * The Cost Effectiveness of Commercial Buildings Commissioning, Evan Mills, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, December %??%

Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines ACG (AABC Commissioning Group) Certified Commissioning (CXA) Authority ACG Commissioning Guideline Dedicated to the advancement of professional, independent commissioning services through education, training, and certification of qualified architects and engineers ASHRAE Commissioning Process Management Professional (CPMP) ASHRAE / NIBS Guideline 0 – 2005 “The Commissioning Process” ASHRAE / NIBS Guideline 1 – 2007 “HVAC Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process” ASHRAE / ANSI Standard 2012 – 2013 “Commissioning Process for Buildings and Systems”

Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines NEBB (National Environmental Balancing Bureau) BSC Certified (Building Systems Commissioning) NEBB Procedural Standards for Building Systems Established in 1971, standards for: ‒Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB) ‒Commission and retro-commission building systems commissioning ‒Sound and vibration testing ‒Test and certify laboratory fume hoods/cleanrooms BCA (Building Commissioning Association) Certified Commissioning Professional (CCP) The Building Commissioning Handbook

ICC (International Code Council) ICC G Guideline for Commissioning NECA (National Electrical Contractors Association) Origins back to 1901 NECA 90- Recommended Practice for Commissioning Building Electrical Systems NFPA 70 NEC Article 708 – Critical Operations Power Systems Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines

Cost of Commissioning Depends on the following: ‒Project size ‒Complexity of building systems ‒Systems to be commissioned Typically less than 1% of total construction cost

Sustainable Bldg Guidelines & Best Practices US Green Building Council ‒LEED European Green Building Councils ‒BREEAM Estidama ‒Pearl Rating System World Green Building Council ‒No independent rating system

COMMISSIONING Commonality in All Rating Systems

High Performance Bldg Guidelines & Best Practices ASHRAE ‒Standard – Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings ‒Standard – Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy ‒Standard – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ‒Standard – Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings ‒Green Guide 4th Edition – Design, Construction, and Operation of Sustainable Buildings EPA Energy Star ‒Portfolio Manager NIBS ‒Whole Building Design Guide

What’s the difference… “Green”, “Sustainable”, “High Performance”? NIBS - High Performance Building Council: “A building that integrates and optimizes all major high-performance building attributes, including energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle performance, and occupant productivity” ASHRAE Guideline 32 - Sustainable High-Performance Operations and Maintenance A high-performance building “consistently delivers a highly productive environment without wasting resources” Environmental Protection Agency “Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life- cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or high performance building.”

So………………? Overview of Commissioning Sustainable & High Performance Buildings

Existing Building or New Building?

Commissioning of New High Performance Buildings Design Phase Construction Phase Acceptance Phase Post Acceptance Phase BUT, “Begin with the end in mind” Stephen Covey “If you don’t know where you are going, you will probably not wind up there.” Forrest Gump Start at the beginning!!!

Commissioning of New High Performance Buildings SystemRating(s) USGBCLEED Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum ASHRAEBuilding Energy Quotient Standard 90.1 Standard EPAEnergy Star Emphasis on Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR) Decisions based on life cycle cost What benchmark or Rating System to use?

Sustainable or Green Features Emphasis on Design Phase Sophisticated HVAC controls with optimized sequences Sophisticated lighting controls Condensate recovery systems Rainwater collection and reuse Low flow plumbing fixtures Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems Building envelope: Design reviews and field testing Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Ventilation that meets or exceeds ASHRAE 62.1 Natural lighting & light pollution System performance benchmarking

Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High Performance PlanningInvestigationImplementationTurnover Persistence Start at the beginning!!! BUT, “Begin with the end in mind”

Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High Performance Emphasis on Planning and Investigation Phases Determine the Current Facility Requirements (CFR) What are the motivating factors for EBCx? ‒Energy Reduction ‒LEED Points ‒Occupant complaints ‒Code or Ordinance Requirements ‒Utility Incentive What benchmark or rating system to use? ‒LEED EB ‒EPA Energy Star ‒Labs21

Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High Performance Extensive use of Baselines and Benchmarking ‒“Normalizing” data ‒Energy Use Intensity (EUI) ‒Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) Measurement & Verification Plan (M&V Plan) ‒BAS Trend Logs (Monitoring based Cx) ‒Whole building meter data or sub-meters? Methodology for repairs & upgrades Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD)

Normalizing Data

Table 1: California Commissioning Collaborative: Building Performance Tracking in Large Commercial Buildings: Tools and Strategies Subtask 4.4 Research Report, Greensfelder, Friedman, Crowe; November 2010

Recent Trends and Developments in the Commissioning World ASHRAE Standard Commissioning Process for Buildings and Systems – Approved at June 2013 meeting – Guideline vs. Standard Key differences to Guideline 0 – reference Introduction PowerPoint ASHRAE Guideline 0.2P, The Commissioning Process for Existing Systems and Assemblies (First Public Review Draft) – 45 day public review period from December 6, 2013 to January 20, 2014

Recent Trends and Developments in the Commissioning World ASHRAE Guideline 1.4P, Procedures for Preparing Facility Systems Manuals (First Public Review Draft) – 45 day public review period from November 22, 2013 to January 6, 2013 Technical vs. Process Commissioning – ASHRAE Journal Article June 2013 Automated Fault Detection and Diagnostics (AFDD) Systems

Thank You! Ken Meline, PE, CxA