Fall in love with Jesus, not money or material things. Don’t be deceived, running to and fro, looking for those who can astonish you with some new spiritual insight of mesmerize you by performing great miracles.

Jimmy Swaggart declares that "Sex education classes in our public schools are promoting incest." Denounces New Orleans preacher Marvin Gorman (extramarital affairs.) Gorman is defrocked. Jimmy Swaggart denounces PTL minister Jim Bakker for committing adultery, calling him "a cancer in the body of Christ."

Jimmy Swaggart photographed with prostitute Debra Murphree outside the Travel Inn in Lake Charles, LA. Jimmy Swaggart tearfully begs God’s forgiveness on his TV show, "I have sinned against you, my Lord."

Psychodynamic Theory

Freud Created image of what a psychologist looks like

Freud Time period Medical degree –Physician who studied neurology –Performed the first neuron transplant The “Scientific Project” Introduced cocaine to Europe as an alternative to morphine Hypnosis

Sigmund Freud Greatest contributions 1)Behavior can be unconscious 2)Children engage in and think about sexuality even at an early age 3)The “talking cure” 4)The first comprehensive theory of personality

Key Ideas Psychic Determinism Everything that happens has a cause –This cause can be discovered No accidents! –Forget names, places –Drop something, etc. The cause can be discovered Why don’t you know about these causes?

Key Ideas Unconscious Psychic determinism leads directly to the unconscious! Research shows the mind does do many things at once that we are not always aware of

Key Ideas Internal Structure –Mind is different than brain –The MIND has three “parts” Psychic Conflict –These parts may conflict with each other

Key Ideas Mental Energy –The mind needs “energy” to make it go Psychic energy / Libido –Thanatos Laws of thermodynamics –Energy can not be created or destroyed –Energy is finite –Energy in one part of the mind, can’t be used for another

Key Ideas Doctrine of Opposites –Everything in life contains opposites –Happiness vs. sadness Extremes on any dimension tend to be more similar to each other than in the middle

Key Ideas Pornographer Census Crusader

Key Ideas PornographerCensus Crusader Thinks about it & Defines their life

Key Ideas

Thinks about dress Thinks about others Defines self by dress

Personality Development Psychosexual stages from birth to maturation –Proceeds in a prescribed manner Based on which part of the body is most sensitive to excitation –Emphasis is on pleasure not sex Libido – the sexual energy and becomes attached or associated with needs of the individual

What is a baby like?

Pure evil?

Id “It” Baby is pure id Primitive –Unverbalized needs, wants, and feelings –Think of the worst thought Where libido comes from –Baby is mass of needs

Id Pleasure principle –“I want it all now!” Primary process thinking –UCS –No “words” No qualification, no sense of time, etc. –Goal: immediate gratification of every need

How does a baby get pleasure?

Oral Stage The primary source of pleasure is in the mouth (only thing a child has control over) Libido is in the mouth, lips, and tongue Birth to about 18 months

Oral Stage Psychological Theme Dependency A baby is completely dependent and passive What happens if the babies oral needs are satisfied at this stage?

Oral Stage If need are satisfied most of the libido moves to the next stage But If needs are not satisfied Needs are too satisfied –Note: doctrine of opposites

Oral Stage Adult Personality Type “Oral character” –One of two extremes (both have issues focused on dependency and passivity) Doctrine of opposites Extremely independent –Don’t want help from anyone! / “I can do it myself!” Extremely Passive –Just wait for things to happen Think about what they want, rather then do something about it

Next Stage If “just enough” gratification

Next Stage If “just enough” gratification

Anal Stage

Libido moves to elimination organs –Age 1 – 3 years “Have to go!” Child needs to learn to control his or her bowels Note: Id doesn’t want to worry about this!

Anal Stage Ego is born “I” Created because of awareness that one does not get everything one wants

Anal Stage Ego is born Reality principle –The way to get the most gratification in the long run is to make compromises Secondary process thinking –What you think, “think” means! –Rational, practical, etc.

Anal Stage Ego must deal with reality (parents) and the Id (want to go!). Psychological Theme Self Control and obedience “No!” –Terrible twos Figure out power

Anal Stage If needs are satisfied most of the libido moves to the next stage But If too much control forced on child If too little control of child

Anal Stage Adult Personality Type “Anal character” –One of two extremes (both have issues focused on control) Doctrine of opposites Anal Retentive –Extremely organized / cannot tolerate disorganization –Try to control every aspect of life (although like control from authority) Anal Expulsive –Little or no self-control –Disorganized, always late –Dislike authority

“Boys and girls are different” Age 3 – 7 years

Phallic Stage Child is curious about their genitalia and others –Libido moves to genitals Boys have a penis and girls do not –Notice the emphasis is on penis Who is the “other” gender they are seeing? Parents

Phallic Stage Oedipus complex (for boys) –Greek myth The desire to rid the parent of the same sex, and take possession of the opposite sex parent –Remember what parts of the mind are present Fear prevents this behavior Fear lies in the belief that they will be castrated by their father –Castration anxiety

Phallic Stage How do you avoid this from occurring? Start to act like father –“tricks” the id –Protects boy from dad Try to become one you most fear Take on attitudes, values, beliefs, etc. Identification

Superego “Over I” Through identification the superego is born! “Moral Voice” –Think of the best, most moral person Stores and enforces rules Enforces rules through anxiety

Phallic Stage Electra complex (for girls) The desire to rid the parent of the same sex, and take possession of the opposite sex parent –Remember what parts of the mind are present Fear prevents this behavior But what is the fear? –No castration anxiety Believes she already lost her penis –“Penis envy”

Phallic Stage Electra complex (for girls) Fear isn’t as strong as for males Identification is not as strong as for males Superego less developed! What do you think about that??

Identification Do we sometimes identify with those we fear? Stockholm Syndrome Patty Hearst

Phallic Stage Psychological Theme Figure out what it means to be a “boy” or a “girl” Done through identification

Phallic Stage Adult Personality Type “Phallic character” –One of two extremes (both have issues focused on sexuality) Doctrine of opposites Extremely promiscuous in sexual behavior Asexual Note: both extremes are similar (define life in terms of sex) –Freud views middle as most healthy

Latency Stage Starts around 7 years Not really a stage, but a retreat from the pleasurable biological activities Decline of sexual interest Social and cognitive interests develop

Genital Stage Start of puberty –Libido moves to genitals Sexual desire resurfaces in a socialized form Do not pass through it It is the GOAL! –Try to get as much libido here as possible

Genital Stage Focus is on genitals –Note: label (note phallic) Giving life Psychological Theme Creation and enhancement of life –True maturity is the ability to bring life into the world and allow it to grow Not only kids, but other things as well (art, work, etc)

Genital Stage Adult Personality Type “Genital character” Well adjusted and BALANCED What is mental health? Love and work

Psychosexual Stages StagePhysical Focus Psychological Theme Parts of the Mind OralMouthDependencyPure Id AnalElimination organs Self-ControlEgo is born PhallicPenisIdentitySuperego is born LatencyNone -- GenitalGenitals-- Libido

Parts of the Mind

Consciousness Conscious Preconscious Unconscious

The Mind

CS PCS UCS

The Mind ID CS PCS UCS

The Mind ID CS PCS UCS Ego

The Mind ID CS PCS UCS Ego Superego

Therapy Most psychological problems are a result of issues in the UCS –Conflicts in the UCS between id, ego, superego Goal of therapy is to make the UCS CS! –Catharsis –Deal with is rationally –Map the mind

Therapy How? Dreams –UCS “pops” out Manifest vs. Latent content Did not believe in universal symbols –Meaning vary for each individual

Therapy Hypnosis –Used early in career Free association –Psychic Determinism –Nothing is random! “Talking Cure” Accidents

Therapy Transference –The tendency to bring ways of thinking that developed with one important person into a later relationship with a different person Good tool for therapists –Can be dangerous

Therapy What happens when the UCS starts to become CS? Person starts to feel worse! –Anxiety Many people try “not to think about it” because of this

Therapy Important for a therapeutic alliance to occur –Bond between therapist and client Helps client deal with this anxiety This usually takes many years

Cons Nonverifiable Theory of development not consistent with the data Theory developed from a limited and homogenous population – young, female, and behavioral symptoms were similar Sexist

Pros Emphasizes the importance of childhood Attempts to understand unconscious forces Defense mechanisms

Why Important A complete theory of personality –Shows what a theory should look like Still influences therapy –Talking cure –free association –billing for missed appointments

Why Important Culture “Why did you really do that” “Looking for a father figure” “Uptight” “What is he trying to overcompensate about?” “Letting it all hang out”

Why Important Asked the right questions Dreams Humor Early life Sexual attraction Love Anxiety Modern day researchers are still looking for answers to these questions!