Lesson 2: Simple Machines

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Presentation transcript:

Lesson 2: Simple Machines Chapter 12 Lesson 2: Simple Machines

Types of Simple Machines A simple machine is a machine that does work with only one movement of the machine. There are six types of simple machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw and wedge.

Lever Lever a bar that is free to pivot about a fixed point, or fulcrum “Give me a place to stand and I will move the Earth.” – Archimedes Engraving from Mechanics Magazine, London, 1824 Effort arm Resistance arm Fulcrum

Lever First Class Lever can increase force, distance, or neither changes direction of force

Lever Second Class Lever always increases force

Lever Third Class Levers always increases distance

Pulley Pulley grooved wheel with a rope or chain running along the groove a “flexible first-class lever” F F E L

Wheel and Axle Wheel and Axle two wheels of different sizes that rotate together a pair of “rotating levers” Wheel Axle

Wheel and Axle input force is applied to the wheel, output force exerted by the axle. Ex: Doorknobs, screwdrivers, faucet handles

Inclined Plane Inclined Plane Slanted surface used to raise objects h

Screw Screw inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder

Wedge Wedge a moving inclined plane with 1 or 2 sloping sides

Wedge Zipper 2 lower wedges push teeth together 1 upper wedge pushes teeth apart

Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) frictionless machine MA greater than 1 increases force MA = output force = input distance input force output distance

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