Summer assessment Item analysis done! Item analysis done! Content you guys seem to “remember” Content you guys seem to “remember” –Cells, DNA basics, and Ecology Content you guys need to brush up on a bit Content you guys need to brush up on a bit –Mitosis, Meiosis and Mendelian genetics basics, and Evolution –biochemistry basics

So where should we start? Pre-requisite test is designed as follows: Pre-requisite test is designed as follows: –Big idea 1 questions –Big idea 2 questions –Big idea 3 questions –Big ideas 4 questions

Cellular Division - mitosis * What are some of the major differences in the cell division of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells is? * Prokaryotic chromosomes do not separate along a mitotic spindle like eukaryotic cells, others? * Prokaryotic chromosomes do not separate along a mitotic spindle like eukaryotic cells, others?

Our Review will begin with… Big idea 3 – Living organisms retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. Big idea 3 – Living organisms retrieve, transmit, and respond to information essential to life processes. –What pre-existing knowledge do I have about this idea?

Cellular Division – mitosis in eukaryotes A plant cell has 12 chromosomes at the end of mitosis. How many chromosomes did it have at the beginning of the cell cycle? C. 12

Cellular Division – mitosis in eukaryotes How many chromatids would the plant cell with 12 chromosomes have in the G2 phase of its cell cycle? D. 24

Cellular Division - mitosis Humans have a 2n number of 46. How many chromosomes would be found in each of the following? Humans have a 2n number of 46. How many chromosomes would be found in each of the following? A. Somatic cells = B. Gametes =

Cellular Division - meiosis The restoration of the diploid chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to The restoration of the diploid chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to * fertilization

Cellular Division - meiosis

Homologous pairs?

Cellular Division - meiosis

One homologous pair has ____ number of sister chromatids? One homologous pair has ____ number of sister chromatids?

Cellular Division - meiosis Each sister chromatid has their own kinetochore Each sister chromatid has their own kinetochore

Cellular Division - meiosis

Makin’ babies The restoration of the diploid chromosome number after halving in meiosis is due to B. fertilization

Is this organism homozygous or heterozygous? How do you know?

Genetics problems you should be able to do… Monohybrid and dihybrid probabilities Monohybrid and dihybrid probabilities Sex-linked problems Sex-linked problems

Heterozygous dihybrid cross – let’s try one or two L= long ears L= long ears l = short ears l = short ears R = red fur R = red fur r = white fur r = white fur

Yummy Long eared, white fur offspring are eaten more readily by predators. Bummer. Long eared, white fur offspring are eaten more readily by predators. Bummer.

This leads to… Big idea 1 - EVOLUTION Big idea 1 - EVOLUTION

Evolution Long eared, white fur offspring are eaten more often by predators. Long eared, white fur offspring are eaten more often by predators. Let’s assume that all of the offspring of a population with the above stated phenotype got eaten. Let’s assume that all of the offspring of a population with the above stated phenotype got eaten. What effect does this have on the population? What effect does this have on the population?

Evolution Nature selects based on phenotype but the impact is at the level of genotype. Nature selects based on phenotype but the impact is at the level of genotype. Bacteria are more and more resistant to antibiotics. Why? Bacteria are more and more resistant to antibiotics. Why? Directional selection by the way Directional selection by the way

Evolution

Evolution Darwin proposed that new species evolve from ancestral forms by the gradual accumulation of adaptations to changing environments Explains our unity and diversity Explains our unity and diversity

Evolution Explain natural selection the reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment

Big Idea 2 – energy and matter to grow, reproduce and maintain homeostasis Overall key energy equations Overall key energy equations * Cell organelle basics and endomembrane system

Cell Parts and Function Review TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL

Cell Parts and Functions Review Continued TYPICAL PLANT CELL

Endomembrane System

Big idea 4 – complex interactions Molecular Molecular Cellular Cellular Ecological Ecological

Biochem – Fun!