Unit 4 Cell Division REVIEW

SURFACE AREA VOLUME LARGER SMALLER The rate at which wastes are produced depends on a cell’s….. As a cell becomes larger, which increases faster??? SURFACE AREA VOLUME or LARGER SMALLER Therefore, cells have more trouble moving needed materials in and waste products out. or

Cell Cycle This diagram represents the ___________________________________. ANAPHASE CELL DIVISION CYTOKINESIS G1 G2 INTERPHASE METAPHASE MITOSIS PROPHASE S TELOPHASE G1 CYTOKINESIS G K CELL DIVISION TELOPHASE J ANAPHASE INTERPHASE E I METAPHASE F S MITOSIS H PROPHASE G2 When are chromosomes visible? When is a cell’s DNA replicated?

PROPHASE METAPHASE C CHROMOSOME CENTROMERE SISTER CHROMATIDS As shown here, only visible during… PROPHASE METAPHASE SISTER CHROMATIDS CHROMOSOME SISTER CHROMATIDS BROTHER CENTROSOMES CENTROMERE CENTRIOLE CHROMOMERE

CELL CYCLE INTERPHASE CELL DIVISION G1 S G2 MITOSIS CYTOKINESIS PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE

CHROMOSOMES ENVELOPE SPINDLES EQUATOR SPLIT SEPARATE CHROMOSOMES In prophase, chromatin condenses so that ___________________ are now visible. The nuclear ___________________ disintegrates. Centrioles separate and chromosomes attach to ______________. Chromosomes line up along the _________________. Centromeres _______________ and sister chromatids ____________________ and move to opposite sides of the cell. Spindles break apart, __________________ begin to disperse, and the nuclear envelope ________________. In ______________ cells, the cell membrane pinches inward. In ______________ cells, a cell plate forms between the nuclei. CHROMOSOMES ENVELOPE SPINDLES EQUATOR SPLIT SEPARATE CHROMOSOMES REFORMS ANIMAL PLANT

GROWING Cells will stop _________________ when they come in contact with other cells. The cell cycle is regulated by proteins called ___________________. CYCLINS

CANCER GROWTH TUMORS MULTICELLULAR CELLS HAVE LOST THE ABILITY TO CONTROL ____________________ FORM MASSES OF CELLS CALLED _____________________ AFFECTS _________________________ ORGANISMS GROWTH TUMORS MULTICELLULAR

Homologous chromosomes More chromosomes than body cells GAMETES Produced by… Contain… Are… mitosis 2 sets of chromosomes haploid 1 set of chromosomes meiosis diploid Homologous chromosomes mitochondria polyploid More chromosomes than body cells

mitosis chromatid Prophase II anaphase replication Prophase I Z The process shown is… Letter “Z” represents a… Chromosomes form “Z” during… mitosis chromatid Prophase II anaphase replication Prophase I Crossing-over tetrad

MITOSIS MEIOSIS Reduces the number of chromosomes Results in the formation of diploid cells Results in the formation of haploid cells Results in the formation of four genetically different cells Results in the formation of two identical daughter cells Tetrads from and crossing over occurs Chromosomes assort independently