DR. BILL MILLARD Terry T. Munday Endowed Chair of Life Calling Professor of Leadership Studies Senior Scholar Indiana Wesleyan University

“Vocation…is larger than one’s job or occupation, deeper than a profession or life’s work. It means finding a purpose for one’s life that is part of the purposes of God. ─ Becoming Adult, Becoming Christian (2000)

Life Calling is confidence in a higher purpose that draws and guides in all aspects of your life … and then living your life consistent with that purpose. Life Calling is confidence in a higher purpose that draws and guides in all aspects of your life … and then living your life consistent with that purpose.

Discovery of a Life Calling primarily takes place within 3 major components where 9 elements interact with each other to produce a sense of a higher purpose Confidence in a for my life Higher Purpose P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s vision action mission passions experiences strengths faith character service stewardship expression motivation fulfillment focus evidence Life Calling

F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s faith character service Component 1: There exists at the core of our lives a set of foundational values that form the way we think about reality, ourselves, and others. P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n

passions experiences strengths U n i q u e D e s i g n Component 2: Our Life Calling appears differently in each of us because our foundational values are conveyed through our unique design that gives us individuality as a person P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s

P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p vision action mission Component 3: Our universal foundational values and our individual unique design enable us to discover and embark on a distinct personal mission for our life. U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s

The model shows that discovery of a Life Calling emerges when 3 important components are recognized and interact with each other.

F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s faith character service P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n Component 1: There exists at the core of our lives a set of foundational values that form the way we think about reality, ourselves, and others. Existential Premises Premisary Integration Existential Context

passions experiences strengths U n i q u e D e s i g n P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s Component 2: Our Life Calling appears differently in each of us because our foundational values are conveyed through our unique design that gives us individuality as a person Holistic Assets Intrinsic Motivation Shaping Forces

P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p vision action mission U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s Component 3: Our foundational values and our unique design set the stage that enables us to discover how to implement our Life Calling through personal leadership. Guiding Focus Aspirational Dream Strategic Movement

Discovery of a Life Calling primarily takes place within 3 major components where 9 elements interact with each other to produce a sense of a higher purpose P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s passions experiences strengths faith character service stewardship expression

Discovery of a Life Calling primarily takes place within 3 major components where 9 elements interact with each other to produce a sense of a higher purpose P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s vision action mission passions experiences strengths focus evidence

Discovery of a Life Calling primarily takes place within 3 major components where 9 elements interact with each other to produce a sense of a higher purpose P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s vision action mission faith character service motivation fulfillment

Discovery of a Life Calling primarily takes place primarily within 3 major components where 9 elements interact with each other to produce a sense of a higher purpose P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s vision action mission passions experiences strengths faith character service stewardship expression motivation fulfillment focus evidence Life Calling Clarity = where all colors blend Existential Premises Premisary Integration Existential Context Holistic Assets Intrinsic Motivation Shaping Forces Guiding Focus Aspirational Dream Strategic Movement

P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s vision action mission passions experiences strengths faith character service stewardship expression motivation fulfillment focus evidence Life Calling Existential Premises Premisary Integration Existential Context Holistic Assets Intrinsic Motivation Shaping Forces Guiding Focus Aspirational Dream Strategic Movement Lifelong continuous discovery process

P e r s o n a l L e a d e r s h i p U n i q u e D e s i g n F o u n d a t i o n a l V a l u e s vision action mission passions experiences strengths faith character service stewardship expression motivation fulfillment focus evidence Life Calling Millard Life Calling Model

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9

Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development Stage 1 – "Intuitive-Projective" faith Stage 2 – "Mythic-Literal" faith Stage 3 – "Synthetic-Conventional" Stage 4 – "Individuative-Reflective" faith Stage 5 – "Conjunctive" faith Stage 6 – "Universalizing" faith

Level 1: Sprouting Is clueless or only hints at searching for a meaning, design and plan for life that are part of God’s higher purposes and their boundaries between probable-improbable and possible- impossible are often not apparent

Level 2: Responsive Acceptance of Life Calling dictated by community authorities (parents, leaders, traditions) and characterized by concrete operations leading to the curbing and ordering of the previous more imaginative thinking

Level 3: Guiding Recognition of a Life Calling begins to synthesize values and information to form a basis for identity and outlook that provides a coherent orientation in the midst of a more complex and diverse range of involvements.

Level 4: Personal Accepts that life calling has multiple possibilities and is a joint responsibility between the Caller and the Called

Level 5: Paradoxical Comfortable following a Life Calling that is an amalgamation of clear direction, partial confusion, and perceived conflicting ambiguity

Level 6: Mutuality Recognizes that Life Calling is ultimately a network of mutuality where the individual can never be what he or she ought to be until the community as a whole is what it ought to be

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M9-A3-L3 I move forward in my life even though I am not sure what I am doing.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M9-A3+-L4 Even though I am still figuring out what being on my own means, I must move forward in my life on my own and take the risks that this will require.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M9-A6-L6 Rather than just taking steps to accomplish something, I am existing within a community to be something.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L1 Maybe there is something behind the universe including me.

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L1 Maybe there is something behind the universe including me. M1-A1-L1 There is someone(s) out there who protects me, provides for me, and cares for me.

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L2 God made everything in the universe just as it is, including me.

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L3 I am an intentional part of God’s universal plan and this can guide my life.

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L4 I am a creation of God within a plan that has multiple paths, not just one right path.

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L5 I am a creation of God yet at the same time I am a creation of genetics and my own choices.

M1 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1-A6-L6 Within God's plan to a great extent I am as much like a cell within a body as I am an independent organism.

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 A0

Methodology Determination of age categories Qualitative semi-structured interviews –Focused on one category –Representative of heterogeneous group of participants –Conducted by Grad Counseling Students

Methodology Quantitative –Three measures IMAGE –Created by Bill Millard –Indicates the Life-Calling position Measures of Psychosocial Development –Measures degree of successful resolution of Erikson’s crises –Developed by Hawley, 1988 Religious Schema Survey –Based on work of James Fowler –Measures one’s level of faith development

Data Analysis Quantitative –Depending on amount/number of participants, may use NVivo –If not much, will do our own analysis Quantitative –ANOVA or Regression –Life-Calling is dependent variable –Psychosocial Development and Faith Development are independent variables