What is Critical Thinking? Concerned with judging or assessing what is reasonable or sensible in a situation. Focuses on quality of reasoning – can you support your position using factual information? It’s effortful but not necessarily negative.

When is someone thinking critically? A person is thinking critically only if he or she is attempting to assess or judge the merits of possible options in the light of relevant factors or criteria.

Reasons for embedding critical thinking into the classroom. Fosters an important life skill. More motivating for students. Promotes understanding of the content.

To what extent should we embrace globalization? Tour of the Textbook

What is Globalization? Globalization: ◦a set of processes through which the world’s peoples become increasingly interconnected. ◦Globalization101.orgGlobalization101.org

Why and how did globalization begin? Lesson 1 – Chapter 5

What are 10 different ways you use numbers on a daily basis?

Use the Foundations of Globalization worksheet to answer the next questions… What benefits do you think Leonardo Fibonacci might have seen in the Indo-Arabic numerals? benefits such as consistency, fairness, exportability, and cross-cultural and cross-linguistic understanding

Where are these numbering systems from? Roman Babylonian Egyptian Mayan Inca Indo- Arabic

What trade difficulties might have arisen when a buyer and seller used different numbering systems? Trade difficulties could have included things such as agreeing on a price, payment, exchange rates, and fair value.

Why do you think the Indo-Arabic number system came to be so widely used? as a system, Indo-Arabic was easy to learn and use, as well as logical and easy to reproduce

How might the development of a uniform international numbering system affect merchants? Benefits such as easier trading, increased trust, more exports and imports and intercultural trade

How might the use of a single number system contribute to globalization? Easier and increased global trade and promotion of trust contribute to globalization.

More to the story… The numerals from 1 to 9 in the Indo- Arabic number system developed in India between 400 BCE and 400 CE, and eventually made their way to Europe in the 10th century. But zero was not used until the ninth century CE — and arithmetic is much easier if you can use zero as a place holder.

Read page 116…

The SILK ROAD  Extending over 8,000 km the routes enabled people to transport trade goods - especially luxuries such as:  Silk  Satins  Musk  rubies, diamonds, pearls, and rhubarb,  while simultaneously serving as a conduit for the spread of knowledge, ideas, cultures, and diseases between different parts of the world in China, India, Asia Minor and the Mediterranean.

The SILK ROAD  Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor:  the development of great civilizations of China, India, Egypt, Persia, Arabia, and Rome, and in several respects helped lay the foundations for the modern world.  Although the term the Silk Road implies a continuous journey, very few who traveled the route traversed it from end to end.  For the most part, goods were transported by a series of agents on varying routes and were traded in the bustling mercantile markets of the oasis towns.

Part of the Silk road in northern China

Read page 117… Three distinct phases/rounds of globalization: First round  during the era of the Silk Road  people would trade goods and ideas – also disease would be carried to new cultures as well

Three distinct phases/rounds of globalization: Second round  Began around the 1400’s  New technologies were developed that enabled Europeans to travel farther and faster – maps, compass, large square sails  Countries were able to protect their goods with cannons – intro. of gunpowder and muskets  Related to European Imperialism – one country’s domination over another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions.  This round is classified as Historical globalization

Three distinct phases/rounds of globalization: Third round  The world is currently in this phase  Began after WWII (1945)  Rapid growth of world markets and instant communication  Rapid rise of China and India as world economic powers

Second Round of Globalization  Video – Age of Discovery (2:22) and (15:28)  Some Indigenous people around the world do not applaud Columbus and his accomplishments: ◦Many Indigenous peoples died because of diseases brought by the Europeans ◦Europeans took land away from Indigenous peoples ◦Europeans imposed their religion on Indigenous peoples ◦Europeans often viewed the Indigenous peoples as savages and treated Indigenous peoples badly

Reproducible Placing Points of View or Perspectives Read pg. 118 and 119 With a partner complete the reproducible by placing the appropriate speaker in the appropriate quadrant If you are finished respond to the questions in “Summing Up” on p. 118