WAR OF BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER The Civil War ( )

Jefferson Davis-South Pres. Jefferson Davis

**JEFFERSON DAVIS US SENATOR WHO BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA)

Robert E. Lee-South

**ROBERT E. LEE-SOUTH CONFEDERATE GENERAL OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA LEE OPPOSED SECESSION BUT DID NOT BELIEVE UNION SHOULD BE HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE AFTER APPOMATTOX-LEE URGED SOUTHERNERS TO ACCEPT DEFEAT AND TO UNITE AGAIN

**STONEWALL JACKSON- Lee’s right hand man-South

President Abraham Lincoln- North

**ABRAHAM LINCOLN- NORTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INSISTED THAT THE UNION BE HELD TOGETHER BY FORCE IF NECESSARY

Ulysses Grant-North

**ULYSSES GRANT-NORTH UNION MILITARY COMMANDER WON VICTORIES OVER THE SOUTH AFTER SEVERAL OTHER UNION COMMANDERS HAD FAILED

**WILLIAM T. SHERMAN-NORTH

FREDERICK DOUGLASS- NORTH

**FREDERICK DOUGLASS- NORTH FORMER SLAVE WHO BECAME A PROMINENT ABOLITIONIST URGED LINCOLN TO RECRUIT FORMER SLAVES TO FIGHT IN THE UNION ARMY

**CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR Sectional disagreements and debated over tariffs, extension of slavery in the territories, and the nature of the Union(states’ rights) Northern abolitionists versus Southern defenders of slavery US Supreme Court decision Dred Scott case(ruled African Americans not citizens) Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher Stowe Ineffective Presidents in the 1850’s Series of failed Compromises Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861 in the South

**SECESSION STATES SECEDED BECAUSE LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT- FEARED LINCOLN WOULD ABOLISH SLAVERY SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST. SOUTH CAROLINA WAS THE FIRST. THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA (CSA) WAS FORMED *4 STATES WERE SLAVE STATES BUT STAYED IN UNION BORDER STATES- MISSOURI,KENTUCKY,MARYLAND, AND DELAWARE AND LATER WEST VIRGINIA

**North vs. South in 1861 PLAY VIDEO HERE

Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “ Anaconda” Plan Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy: “ Anaconda” Plan

**ANACONDA PLAN-NORTH’S STRATEGY UNION BLOCKADE SOUTHERN COASTS TO AFFECT SUPPLY ROUTES UNION FORCES GAIN CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI AND SPLIT CONFEDERACY IN TWO UNION ARMIES WOULD CAPTURE RICHMOND(CAPITAL OF THE CONFEDERACY)

The “Anaconda” Plan

**SOUTH’S STRATEGY Mostly DEFENSIVE Army of Northern Virginia did try to move into Union territory, but was turned back at Gettysburg.

Rating the North & the South

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VA The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VA

The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

Lincoln’s Generals Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott George McClellan, Again! McClellan George McClellan Ambrose Burnside Joseph Hooker George Meade Ulysses S. Grant

McClellan: I Can Do It All!

The Confederate Generals Jeb Stuart James Longstreet George Pickett “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest Robert E. Lee

First Skirmish of the Civil War Ft. Sumter,S.C.-April,12,1861

**FT. SUMTER,S.C. DETAILS THIS WAS THE SPARK-OPENING CONFRONTATION IN THE CIVIL WAR SOUTHERNERS BOMBARDED THE FORT AND TOOK CONTROL APRIL 12,1861

BULL RUN, VA-JULY 1861 FIRST MAJOR BATTLE STONEWALL JACKSON GOT HIS NAME HERE PEOPLE HAD PICNICS TO WATCH IMPORTANCE-UNION REALIZED WOULD NOT BE AN EASILY WON WAR

Bull Run bridge

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

*MONITOR V MERRIMAC DETAILS *1862-MERRIMAC(CSS VIRGINIA) WAS A UNION SHIP THE CONFEDERACY COVERED IN IRON *THE UNION’S IRONCLAD –THE MONITOR *FOUGHT IN HAMPTON ROADS WATERS *CONSIDERED A DRAW THE MONITOR SUNK OFF COAST N.C THE SOUTH DESTROYED THE MERRIMAC

MONITOR IT HOUSED IT’S GUNS IN A REVOLVING TURRET. THE TURRET AND CANNON ARE AT THE MARINER’S MUSEUM IN NEWPORT NEWS,VA

Damage on the Deck of the Monitor

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 26,000 casualties September 17, 1862

**DETAILS OF ANTIETAM,MD BLOODIEST SINGLE BATTLE IN AMERICAN HISTORY-26,000 DEAD. MORE THAN THE WAR OF 1812 AND MEXICAN WAR COMBINED CONSIDERED A DRAW –BUT THE SOUTH LOST A QUARTER OF ITS MEN AND RETREATED IMPORTANCE- SINGLE BLOODIEST BATTLE IN US HISTORY

Emancipation in 1863

The Emancipation Proclamation-

** EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION JANUARY 1, 1863 FREED SLAVES IN THE “REBELLING STATES” ONLY APPLIED TO SOUTHERN CONFEDERATE STATES-NOT UNION OR BORDER STATES MADE THE DESTRUCTION OF SLAVERY A NORTHERN WAR AIM DISCOURAGED INTERFERENCE BY FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS ALLOWED ENLISTMENT OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNION ARMY

*WEST VIRGINIA-1863 WESTERN COUNTIES OF VIRGINIA ANTI-SLAVERY SO THEY SECEDED AND FORMED WEST VIRGINIA

CHANCELLORVILLE,VA MAY 1863-STONEWALL JACKSON MISTAKENLY SHOT IN LEFT ARM BY CONFEDERATE GUARDS-HIS ARM AMPUTATED AND CAUGHT PNEUMONIA AND DIED LEE SAID “HE HAS LOST HIS LEFT ARM,BUT I HAVE LOST MY RIGHT” MAJOR LOSS TO THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CONFEDERACY

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

**DETAILS OF GETTYSBURG,PA *1863-TURNING POINT OF WAR 3 DAY BLOODY BATTLE NORTH-23,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED SOUTH-28,000 KILLED OR WOUNDED +THE SOUTHERN ARMY WAS STOPPED HERE *IMPORTANCE-TURNING POINT OF WAR

Gettysburg Casualties

Gettysburg

UNION AND CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS

*GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Lincoln described the war aim now as a struggle to preserve the nation- “SECOND AMERICAN REVOLUTION” “All men are created equal” Government “of the people, by the people, for the people” America is “ONE NATION” not a collection of sovereign states as the South believed. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave.

VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI- JULY1863 GRANT TOOK CONTROL OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN THIS BATTLE THIS ALONG WITH GETTYSBURG WOULD BE THE DOWNFALL OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

*SHERMAN’S PLAN-1864 States “WAR IS HELL” then lays waste to Georgia and South Carolina. SCORCHED EARTH TOTAL WAR Totally destroyed Charleston, S.C. and Atlanta, GA. – the premier cities in the South

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

**DETAILS OF SURRENDER **APRIL 9, The last major Confederate Army surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (VA) *Lincoln requested terms be generous: Grant paroled Lee’s officers Let soldiers keep personal possessions, horses and 3 days’ rations Officers permitted to keep side arms

*COMMON SOLDIERS HAND TO HAND COMBAT DIARIES AND LETTERS TELL THE STORY PERMANENT DISABILTIES SOUTH-HOMES, FARMLAND DESTROYED

African-American Recruiting Poster

**AFRICAN AMERICANS IN CIVIL WAR *EMANCIPATION ALLOWED FOR ENLISTMENT *BY WAR’S END 10% OF UNION ARMY SERVED IN SEGREGATED UNITS-EX. 54 TH INFANTRY-GLORY WHEN CAPTURED BY CONFEDERATES-KILLED NOT JAILED

The Famous 54 th Massachusetts

August Saint-Gaudens Memorial to Col. Robert Gould Shaw

WOMEN IN THE WAR- CLARA BARTON American Redcorss American Red Cross

**WOMEN’S ROLES MANAGED HOMES AND FAMILIES WITH SCARCE RESOURCES FACED POVERTY AND HUNGER BECAME FARMERS, NURSES, AND WORKED IN WAR INDUSTRIES

LOUISA MAY ALCOTT LiLittle Women

Inflation in the South

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

WANTED~~!!WANTED~~!!

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

The Execution

ANDREW JOHNSON- President after Lincoln’s Assassination